Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the most advanced stage of infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV works by progressively weakening your immune system, specifically targeting and destroying specialized white blood cells called CD4 cells. These cells are vital for fighting off infections and diseases. When the CD4 cell count drops very low, or when certain opportunistic infections or cancers appear, the diagnosis of AIDS is made, meaning your body is highly vulnerable to illness. AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV is primarily transmitted through specific bodily fluids, most commonly via unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles for drug injection, or from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. It's important to understand that not everyone living with HIV will develop AIDS. With proper medical care and treatment, many people with HIV can live long, healthy lives without progressing to AIDS. Lab tests are essential for diagnosing HIV infection, monitoring its progression, and determining if it has advanced to AIDS. Key tests include the CD4 cell count, which measures the strength of your immune system, and the viral load, which indicates the amount of HIV in your blood. These results help your healthcare provider understand the state of your immune health, guide treatment decisions (like antiretroviral therapy), and ensure you receive the best possible care to manage the condition and prevent complications.