Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, which is the soft, spongy tissue inside your bones where blood cells are made. In CML, the body produces too many abnormal white blood cells called myeloid cells. Unlike acute leukemias that progress very quickly, CML is considered a 'chronic' condition because it tends to develop slowly over many years. While it's a serious diagnosis, significant advancements in treatment have made it a manageable condition for many people. The primary cause of CML is a specific genetic change that occurs during a person's lifetime, meaning it is not inherited from your parents or contagious. This change is called the 'Philadelphia chromosome.' It happens when a piece of chromosome 9 and a piece of chromosome 22 break off and swap places. This swap creates a new, abnormal gene called BCR-ABL. The BCR-ABL gene produces a protein that tells the blood cells to grow and divide uncontrollably, leading to the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells. Lab tests are essential for diagnosing CML, determining its stage, and closely monitoring your response to treatment. Tests like a complete blood count (CBC) will show changes in your blood cell levels, especially a high white blood cell count. Genetic tests, such as a FISH test or PCR (polymerase chain reaction), are crucial for identifying the Philadelphia chromosome and measuring the amount of the BCR-ABL gene, which helps your doctor understand the disease activity and how well your treatment is working. Regular testing allows your care team to make informed decisions about your treatment plan and ensure you receive the most effective care.