Ascitic Fluid For Culture And Sensitivity

Function

This test involves the culturing of peritoneal fluid (ascites) accumulated in the abdominal cavity. The purpose is to detect the presence of microorganisms, usually bacteria, and to test their susceptibility to various antibiotics. This is a critical diagnostic step for patients with ascites who show signs of clinical deterioration.

Why it is Ordered

The test is most commonly performed during a paracentesis when a clinician suspects Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP), a life-threatening infection of the ascitic fluid. Symptoms include:

• Fever and chills.
• Abdominal pain or tenderness.
• Worsening hepatic encephalopathy (confusion).
• Unexplained decline in renal function in a patient with cirrhosis.

Associated Conditions

• Cirrhosis: The most common cause of ascites susceptible to infection.
• Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP): Infection occurring without an obvious intra-abdominal source.
• Secondary Peritonitis: Infection resulting from a perforated organ (e.g., ruptured appendix or gallbladder).
• Tuberculous Peritonitis: A chronic infection of the peritoneum by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
• Fungal Peritonitis: Often seen in patients on long-term peritoneal dialysis.