Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate (DHEAS)

Function

DHEAS is an androgenic steroid hormone produced almost exclusively by the adrenal cortex, with small amounts produced by the testes/ovaries. It is the sulfated form of DHEA, which serves as a precursor for more potent androgens like testosterone and estrogens like estradiol. Unlike DHEA, which fluctuates throughout the day, DHEAS stays stable in the blood, making it an excellent marker for overall adrenal androgen production.

Why it is Ordered

This test is primarily used to evaluate adrenal gland function and to distinguish adrenal-sourced androgens from those produced by the gonads. It is frequently ordered for women presenting with symptoms of virilization (excessive hair growth, acne, or irregular periods) to rule out conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) or adrenal tumors. In children, it is used to investigate precocious puberty or ambiguous genitalia.

Associated Conditions

• Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH): A genetic disorder affecting hormone production.
• Adrenal Tumors: Both benign adenomas and malignant carcinomas can overproduce DHEAS.
• PCOS: While primarily ovarian, some women with PCOS also show elevated adrenal androgens.
• Addison's Disease: Adrenal insufficiency leading to pathologically low DHEAS levels.