Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
- Sample Type
- Standard
- Fasting
- No
- Unit
- mm/hr
ESR is a non-specific marker of systemic inflammation. It measures the rate at which red blood cells (RBCs) sink to the bottom of a tube in one hour. When inflammation is present, high levels of fibrinogen and globulins cause RBCs to stick together (rouleaux), making them heavier and faster-settling. Within a hematology panel, it serves as a 'sickness indicator' that helps clinicians track the activity of chronic inflammatory diseases like Temporal Arteritis, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, and Rheumatoid Arthritis.
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Why Context Matters
ESR is highly sensitive but lacks specificity. It can be falsely elevated by anemia, pregnancy, advanced age, or obesity, and can be falsely lowered by polycythemia or sickle cell disease, making it a 'screening' tool rather than a 'diagnostic' one.
Lab ranges are statistical averages, not biological laws. "Normal" for a 20-year-old male isn't normal for a 60-year-old female.
Clinical References
Source-of-truth databases and clinical guidelines for Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR):
Official Sources
- ESR: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaMedlinePlus
Research & Guidelines
Related Indicators
Medically Reviewed by Dr. Binoy Babu, MBBS
Board Certified Doctor • 10+ Years Clinical Experience
Dr. Babu is a practicing physician dedicated to empowering patients with clear, actionable medical information. He founded 2opi to bridge the gap between complex lab reports and patient understanding, ensuring everyone has access to a reliable second opinion.
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