G6PD Estimation

Function

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an essential enzyme found in red blood cells (RBCs). Its primary role is to protect RBCs from oxidative stress—damage caused by reactive oxygen species. G6PD helps produce a molecule called NADPH, which keeps glutathione in its active form. Without enough G6PD, RBCs become vulnerable to premature destruction when exposed to certain triggers.

Why it is Ordered

This test is ordered to screen for G6PD deficiency, a common genetic condition, particularly in individuals of Mediterranean, African, or Asian descent. It is typically performed after a patient experiences an episode of hemolytic anemia (jaundice, dark urine, fatigue) following the ingestion of certain foods (like fava beans), infections, or specific medications. It is also part of newborn screening in many regions.

Associated Conditions

• G6PD Deficiency: An X-linked recessive disorder.
• Hemolytic Anemia: Acute breakdown of red blood cells.
• Neonatal Jaundice: Severe jaundice in newborns which can lead to kernicterus if untreated.
• Favism: An acute hemolytic reaction to fava beans.

Triggers to Avoid

Patients with low G6PD must avoid oxidative triggers, including antimalarial drugs (like primaquine), sulfonamides, naphthalene (mothballs), and certain high-dose vitamins. Understanding one's G6PD status is vital for preventing life-threatening hemolytic crises during medical treatments.