HSV 1 & 2 DNA Qualitative PCR

Function

The Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 1 & 2 DNA Qualitative PCR test uses Polymerase Chain Reaction technology to detect the genetic material (DNA) of the herpes virus. This method is far more sensitive and specific than older viral culture methods, allowing for the detection of the virus even when it is present in small quantities or when a lesion has begun to heal.

Why it is Ordered

This test is ordered to confirm a diagnosis of herpes infection in patients with active sores or blisters on the mouth (oral herpes) or genitals (genital herpes). It is also used in critical care settings to test Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) if HSV encephalitis or meningitis is suspected. Distinguishing between Type 1 and Type 2 is important for prognosis and counseling regarding transmission risks.

Associated Conditions

• HSV-1: Traditionally associated with orofacial lesions (cold sores), though it is increasingly a cause of genital herpes through oral-genital contact.
• HSV-2: Primarily associated with genital infections and is almost exclusively sexually transmitted.
• Neonatal Herpes: Testing is critical for newborns exposed during delivery, as the virus can cause severe neurological damage or death.
• HSV Encephalitis: A life-threatening brain infection that requires rapid PCR testing of CSF for immediate antiviral intervention.
• Herpetic Whitlow: HSV infection of the finger.

PCR testing remains the gold standard for clinical diagnosis of active infection over antibody testing, which only indicates past exposure.