HSV 1 (IgG, IgM)

Function

The HSV 1 (IgG, IgM) test is a serological assay used to detect antibodies against the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1. HSV-1 is primarily associated with oral herpes (cold sores), although it is increasingly a cause of genital herpes. The test distinguishes between two types of antibodies: IgM, which typically appears shortly after initial infection, and IgG, which develops later and remains in the body for life.

Why it is Ordered

This test is ordered when a patient exhibits symptoms of a primary herpes infection, such as oral blisters, fever, or swollen glands. It is also used to screen pregnant individuals or those with compromised immune systems who may be at risk for severe complications. In some cases, it is part of a broader sexually transmitted infection (STI) panel or used to differentiate between HSV-1 and HSV-2.

Associated Conditions

• Herpes Labialis: Common cold sores around the mouth.
• Herpetic Keratitis: An infection of the eye that can cause scarring.
• Gingivostomatitis: Infection of the mouth and gums, often seen in children.
• Herpetic Whitlow: Painful infection on the fingers.
• Encephalitis: A rare but severe brain inflammation caused by the virus.

Understanding Results

A positive IgG result indicates a past infection or chronic carrier status, while a positive IgM result suggests a recent exposure or a reactivation of the virus. Because HSV-1 is highly prevalent in the adult population, a positive IgG result without symptoms is common and often does not require immediate treatment unless the patient is symptomatic or at high risk for transmission.