HSV-2 (IgG, IgM)
- Sample Type
- Serum
- Fasting
- No
- Unit
- Index
Function
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) is the primary cause of genital herpes. This test detects two types of antibodies: IgM and IgG. IgM usually appears within the first few weeks of infection and then declines, while IgG appears later and stays in the blood for life. Detecting these antibodies helps distinguish between a new, acute infection and a chronic, long-term carrier state.
Why it is Ordered
Testing is ordered for individuals presenting with genital sores or blisters, those who have a partner with known herpes, or individuals undergoing a comprehensive STI screening. Because HSV-2 can be transmitted even when no symptoms are present (asymptomatic shedding), serology is the only way to identify carriers in the absence of active lesions.
Associated Conditions
- Genital Herpes: Chronic viral infection characterized by periodic outbreaks of painful sores.
- Neonatal Herpes: Transmission of the virus from mother to baby during childbirth, which can be life-threatening for the infant.
- Aseptic Meningitis: A potential neurological complication of HSV-2 infection.
- Increased HIV Risk: Active HSV-2 lesions can increase the risk of contracting or transmitting HIV.
Check Your Result
Check Your Result
Enter your lab result to see where you stand compared to the standard reference range.
Why Context Matters
HSV serology is notorious for false positives, especially in 'low positive' IgG ranges (index values between 1.1 and 3.5). The IgM test is particularly problematic because it often cross-reacts with HSV-1 (oral herpes) or other viruses in the herpes family, like Varicella. Furthermore, it can take up to 3-6 months for IgG antibodies to 'seroconvert' (become detectable) after exposure. A negative result shortly after a potential exposure does not rule out infection, and a low-positive result should ideally be confirmed with a more specific test like the University of Washington Western Blot.
Lab ranges are statistical averages, not biological laws. "Normal" for a 20-year-old male isn't normal for a 60-year-old female.
Clinical References
Source-of-truth databases and clinical guidelines for HSV-2 (IgG, IgM):
Official Sources
- 2024 European guidelines for the management of genital herpes - PubMedpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- 2024 European guidelines for the management of genital herpes - PMCpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Research & Guidelines
- PubMed: HSV-2 (IgG, IgM) Clinical GuidelinesNCBI / PubMed
Related Indicators
Medically Reviewed by Dr. Binoy Babu, MBBS
Board Certified Doctor • 10+ Years Clinical Experience
Dr. Babu is a practicing physician dedicated to empowering patients with clear, actionable medical information. He founded 2opi to bridge the gap between complex lab reports and patient understanding, ensuring everyone has access to a reliable second opinion.
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