LDL Cholesterol

Function

Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol. Its primary function is to transport cholesterol from the liver to the peripheral tissues for use in cell membrane synthesis and hormone production. However, when LDL levels are excessive, these particles can become oxidized and trapped within the arterial walls.

Why it is Ordered

LDL measurement is a cornerstone of cardiovascular risk assessment. It is ordered during routine physicals or for patients with risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, or a family history of heart disease. It is the primary target for lipid-lowering therapies (like statins). Monitoring LDL helps clinicians calculate the risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD).

Associated Conditions

• Atherosclerosis: The buildup of plaques in the arteries.
• Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Leading to heart attacks.
• Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): Reduced blood flow to the limbs.
• Hyperlipidemia: Elevated levels of lipids in the blood.
• Metabolic Syndrome: A cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Interpretation Standards

Guidelines from the AHA/ACC suggest that for primary prevention, an LDL level below 100 mg/dL is optimal. For individuals with existing heart disease or diabetes, targets are often much lower (e.g., <70 mg/dL or even <55 mg/dL).