Lipase

Function

Lipase is a digestive enzyme primarily produced by the pancreas. It is secreted into the small intestine, where it plays a crucial role in breaking down dietary fats (triglycerides) into fatty acids and glycerol, allowing for absorption. While small amounts of lipase are found in the blood, significant levels typically indicate damage or blockage in the pancreas.

Why it is Ordered

The lipase test is the gold standard for diagnosing acute pancreatitis. It is more specific and stays elevated longer than amylase. Doctors order this test when a patient exhibits symptoms of a pancreatic disorder, such as:

• Severe abdominal pain that radiates to the back.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Fever.
• Loss of appetite or oily/fatty stools (steatorrhea).

Associated Conditions

• Acute Pancreatitis: Levels usually rise to 3-10 times the upper limit of normal within 24 hours of an attack.
• Chronic Pancreatitis: Levels may be slightly elevated or even low if the pancreas is severely damaged and can no longer produce enzymes.
• Pancreatic Cancer: Obstruction of the pancreatic duct can cause lipase to leak into the blood.
• Gastrointestinal Issues: Bowel obstruction or celiac disease can sometimes cause moderate elevations.
• Kidney Disease: Because lipase is cleared by the kidneys, reduced renal function can lead to higher circulating levels.