Pandy's Test

Function

Pandy’s test is a bedside qualitative diagnostic test used to detect elevated levels of proteins, specifically globulins, in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The test involves adding CSF to a solution of saturated phenol. If globulins are present in high concentrations, they react with the phenol to form a white, cloudy precipitate (turbidity).

Why it is Ordered

This test is often used as a rapid screening tool in settings where sophisticated quantitative protein electrophoresis is unavailable. It is primarily ordered when a healthcare provider suspects an inflammatory, infectious, or degenerative process affecting the central nervous system (CNS) that would cause a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier or local protein production.

Associated Conditions

• Meningitis: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections often lead to significantly elevated CSF protein.
• Neurosyphilis: Historically, Pandy's test was a hallmark for detecting the increased globulins associated with syphilis of the CNS.
• Multiple Sclerosis (MS): While not specific, MS can cause increased globulins in the CSF.
• Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Characterized by albuminocytologic dissociation (high protein with normal cell count).
• Brain Tumors: May cause leakage of proteins into the spinal fluid.