Potassium

Function

Potassium is a critical mineral and electrolyte that facilitates nerve transmission and the contraction of muscles, most importantly the heart. It works in tandem with sodium to maintain the electrical potential of cell membranes and regulate fluid balance within the body.

Why it is Ordered

Because potassium levels have a narrow therapeutic window, even slight deviations can be life-threatening. This test is ordered for patients taking diuretics or heart medications, those with kidney disease (as kidneys regulate potassium excretion), and during routine physicals to screen for electrolyte imbalances.

Associated Conditions

• Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Failure to excrete potassium leads to dangerous buildup.
• Hyperkalemia: High potassium, which can lead to cardiac arrest.
• Hypokalemia: Low potassium, often caused by diarrhea, vomiting, or diuretics.
• Addison’s Disease: Adrenal insufficiency affecting electrolyte balance.