Semen Analysis

Function

Semen analysis is the cornerstone of male fertility evaluation. It provides a comprehensive look at the quantity and quality of sperm produced. The test evaluates several parameters: sperm concentration (count), motility (movement), morphology (shape), total volume, and pH.

Why it is Ordered

This test is primarily ordered for couples struggling with conception to determine if male factor infertility is contributing to the issue. It is also routinely performed after a vasectomy to confirm the success of the procedure (checking for the absence of sperm, or azoospermia).

Associated Conditions

• Oligospermia: Low sperm count, which can be caused by hormonal imbalances, varicoceles (enlarged veins in the scrotum), or environmental toxins.
• Azoospermia: Total absence of sperm, potentially due to ductal obstruction or primary testicular failure.
• Asthenozoospermia: Poor sperm motility, making it difficult for sperm to reach and fertilize an egg.
• Teratozoospermia: Abnormal sperm shape, which can impede the sperm's ability to penetrate the egg.
• Infections: Presence of white blood cells in semen (pyospermia) may indicate an infection in the prostate or reproductive tract.
• Lifestyle Factors: High heat exposure (saunas, tight clothing), smoking, excessive alcohol, and anabolic steroid use are known to negatively impact results.