SGOT

Function

SGOT (Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase), also known as AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase), is an enzyme found in high concentrations in the liver, heart, muscles, and kidneys. When these tissues are damaged or diseased, SGOT is released into the bloodstream. While it is a key component of Liver Function Tests (LFTs), it is less specific to the liver than SGPT (ALT) because it is also found in muscle tissue.

Why it is Ordered

This test is used to identify liver damage and monitor treatment for liver disease. It is often ordered when a patient has:

• Symptoms of liver disorders (jaundice, dark urine, abdominal pain).
• A history of alcohol abuse.
• Exposure to hepatitis viruses.
• Been taking medications known to be hepatotoxic (e.g., statins, high-dose acetaminophen).

Associated Conditions

Very high levels of SGOT (more than 10 times normal) are often due to acute hepatitis, sometimes from a viral infection or drug exposure. In cases of chronic alcoholism, SGOT is typically higher than SGPT (an AST:ALT ratio > 2:1). Moderate elevations are seen in fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis, and bile duct obstruction. Because SGOT is also found in muscles, an elevated level can also be seen following a myocardial infarction (heart attack) or strenuous physical exercise that causes muscle breakdown (rhabdomyolysis). It is therefore essential to look at the clinical context and other markers like ALT and CK (Creatine Kinase) to determine the source of the enzyme elevation.