Specific Gravity
- Sample Type
- Standard
- Fasting
- No
- Unit
- N/A
Specific Gravity (SG) measures the ratio of the density of urine to the density of water. It is a key indicator of the kidney's ability to concentrate or dilute urine, reflecting the patient's hydration status and the functional integrity of the renal tubules. It is particularly useful in evaluating Diabetes Insipidus or the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH).
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Why Context Matters
Recent administration of intravenous (IV) radiopaque contrast media, or the presence of high levels of glucose (glycosuria) or protein (proteinuria), can cause a 'false' high specific gravity that does not accurately reflect the patient's hydration state.
Lab ranges are statistical averages, not biological laws. "Normal" for a 20-year-old male isn't normal for a 60-year-old female.
Clinical References
Source-of-truth databases and clinical guidelines for Specific Gravity:
Official Sources
Research & Guidelines
- PubMed: Specific Gravity Clinical GuidelinesNCBI / PubMed
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Medically Reviewed by Dr. Binoy Babu, MBBS
Board Certified Doctor • 10+ Years Clinical Experience
Dr. Babu is a practicing physician dedicated to empowering patients with clear, actionable medical information. He founded 2opi to bridge the gap between complex lab reports and patient understanding, ensuring everyone has access to a reliable second opinion.
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