Toxoplasma IgG

Function

The Toxoplasma IgG test is a serological assay used to detect antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan parasite. The IgG (Immunoglobulin G) antibody is produced by the immune system to provide long-term protection after an initial exposure. This test determines whether an individual has been infected with the parasite at some point in their life.

Why it is Ordered

This test is primarily ordered for:

• Prenatal Screening: To determine if a pregnant woman has immunity or is at risk of a primary infection, which can be transmitted to the fetus.
• Immunocompromised Patients: Individuals with HIV/AIDS or those undergoing chemotherapy are at risk of reactivation of latent toxoplasmosis, which can cause encephalitis.
• Symptomatic Individuals: Those presenting with flu-like symptoms, swollen lymph nodes, or vision issues (ocular toxoplasmosis).

Associated Conditions

• Congenital Toxoplasmosis: Severe birth defects or miscarriage resulting from maternal infection during pregnancy.
• Toxoplasmic Encephalitis: Brain inflammation typically seen in late-stage AIDS patients.
• Chorioretinitis: Inflammation of the choroid and retina that can lead to permanent vision loss.

Exposure often occurs through contact with cat feces, consuming undercooked contaminated meat, or drinking contaminated water. A positive IgG result generally indicates past infection and immunity, provided the patient is immunocompetent.