X-Ray Hysterosalpingogram

Function

A Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) is a specialized fluoroscopic X-ray examination used primarily to examine the uterus and fallopian tubes. By injecting a radiopaque contrast medium through the cervix, radiologists can visualize the internal structure of the reproductive tract in real-time. The primary function of this procedure is to determine the 'patency' or openness of the fallopian tubes and the shape of the uterine cavity.

Why it is Ordered

HSG is a fundamental tool in the investigation of female infertility. It is ordered to:

• Identify Tubal Blockage: Determine if fallopian tubes are blocked by scar tissue (often from PID) or endometriosis.
• Uterine Evaluation: Detect structural abnormalities like uterine fibroids, endometrial polyps, or congenital anomalies (e.g., bicornuate uterus).
• Post-Surgical Check: Verify the success of tubal ligation reversal or the effectiveness of tubal sterilization procedures.
• Recurrent Miscarriage: Investigate if uterine defects are contributing to pregnancy loss.

Associated Conditions

Several conditions can be diagnosed via HSG. Hydrosalpinx, where a tube is blocked and filled with fluid, is a common finding. Uterine synechiae (Asherman’s syndrome) or scarring within the uterus can also be visualized. Additionally, HSG can sometimes have a therapeutic effect; the movement of the contrast dye can occasionally dislodge minor blockages, slightly increasing the chances of conception in the months immediately following the procedure.