HE4 (Human Epididymis Protein 4)
- Sample Type
- Standard
- Fasting
- No
- Unit
- pmol/L
Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4) is a glycoprotein primarily used as a tumor marker for monitoring the progression or recurrence of epithelial ovarian cancer. In the context of an Ovarian Cancer Panel, it is often utilized alongside CA-125 in the ROMA (Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm) score. HE4 is superior to CA-125 in premenopausal women because it is less likely to be elevated by benign conditions like endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease. It provides critical insight into the likelihood of malignancy in patients presenting with an adnexal mass.
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Why Context Matters
HE4 levels are significantly influenced by renal function; even mild chronic kidney disease (CKD) can lead to false-positive elevations. Additionally, smoking is known to increase HE4 levels by approximately 20-30%, which can lead to misinterpretation of cancer risk if not factored into the clinical context.
Lab ranges are statistical averages, not biological laws. "Normal" for a 20-year-old male isn't normal for a 60-year-old female.
Clinical References
Source-of-truth databases and clinical guidelines for HE4 (Human Epididymis Protein 4):
Official Sources
- Cancer of the ovary, fallopian tube, and peritoneum: 2025 update - PMCpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Research & Guidelines
Related Indicators
Medically Reviewed by Dr. Binoy Babu, MBBS
Board Certified Doctor • 10+ Years Clinical Experience
Dr. Babu is a practicing physician dedicated to empowering patients with clear, actionable medical information. He founded 2opi to bridge the gap between complex lab reports and patient understanding, ensuring everyone has access to a reliable second opinion.
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