HSV 2 IgG

Function

The HSV 2 IgG test is a blood test used to detect type-specific antibodies against the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2. Unlike the IgM antibody, which rises shortly after an initial infection and then fades, IgG antibodies develop more slowly (usually 4 to 12 weeks after exposure) and persist for life. This test distinguishes between HSV-1 (typically associated with oral cold sores) and HSV-2 (the primary cause of genital herpes) by targeting glycoprotein G2, which is unique to the HSV-2 virus.

Why it is Ordered

This test is used to determine if a person has ever been infected with HSV-2. It is particularly useful in several scenarios:

• Evaluating patients with recurrent genital symptoms but negative viral cultures.
• Screening individuals with a high-risk profile or partners of people known to have genital herpes.
• Pregnancy screening to manage the risk of neonatal herpes transmission during delivery.
• Differentiating between HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections to provide accurate counseling on transmission and prognosis.

Associated Conditions

A positive result indicates a chronic or past infection with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2. Once acquired, the virus remains latent in the sacral nerve ganglia and can periodically reactivate, causing symptomatic outbreaks (genital sores) or asymptomatic viral shedding. While many people with HSV-2 are asymptomatic, they can still transmit the virus to sexual partners. Management often involves antiviral suppressive therapy (like acyclovir or valacyclovir) to reduce the frequency of outbreaks and the risk of transmission. It is also important to note that HSV-2 infection can increase the biological risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV.