Medical Condition

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

COPD is a group of progressive lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the most common conditions that contribute to COPD.

Common Symptoms

  • Shortness of breath
  • Chronic cough
  • Wheezing
  • Chest tightness
  • Fatigue

Clinical Sources

Diagnostic Lab Tests

Tests commonly used to diagnose or monitor Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD):

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)

MCH measures the average mass of hemoglobin per red blood cell. As part of a 'Complete Blo...

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Urine Bicarbonate

Urine Bicarbonate (HCO3-) testing measures the amount of bicarbonate excreted in the urine...

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Total Leukocyte Count

The Total Leukocyte Count (WBC count) measures the total number of white blood cells in a ...

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Complete Blood Count (CBC)

The Complete Blood Count (CBC) is a fundamental diagnostic panel that measures the various...

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RBC Count

The Red Blood Cell (RBC) count measures the number of erythrocytes in a microliter of whol...

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DNA TB PCR

The DNA TB PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) test is a rapid molecular diagnostic tool used ...

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Blood Cell Morphology

Blood Cell Morphology is a qualitative microscopic examination of a blood smear. A patholo...

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Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

MCV measures the average size/volume of a single red blood cell. It is the most critical R...

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Partial Pressure of Oxygen (pO2)

The pO2 measures the pressure exerted by dissolved oxygen in the arterial blood. It is a d...

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Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

MCHC is a calculated parameter in a Complete Blood Count (CBC) that represents the average...

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Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

MCV is a measure of the average volume (size) of a single red blood cell. It is a critical...

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Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)

RDW is a numerical measure of anisocytosis, or the variation in size of circulating red bl...

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Platelet Count (PLT)

Platelets (thrombocytes) are specialized cell fragments essential for hemostasis (blood cl...

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TB IgM, IgG, IgA

The TB Serology test measures the levels of different antibodies (IgM, IgG, and IgA) produ...

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Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) is a measure of the average volume (size) of a single red bl...

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Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin (Hb) is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells (RBCs) responsible for t...

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Complete Blood Picture

The Complete Blood Picture (CBP), also known as a Complete Blood Count (CBC), is one of th...

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Medcis Male Profile

The Medcis Male Profile is a comprehensive diagnostic panel specifically designed to evalu...

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Platelet Count

Platelets (thrombocytes) are cell fragments essential for blood clotting and hemostasis. T...

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Red Blood Cell Count

The RBC count measures the actual number of red blood cells in a volume of blood. Within a...

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Sputum Culture (Diphtheria & Pyogenic Organisms)

A Sputum Culture for Diphtheria and Pyogenic Organisms is a laboratory test used to identi...

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Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

The Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) is a calculation of the average conce...

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pH

Arterial pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in the blood, indicating the ac...

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Reticulocyte Count

Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells (RBCs) that have just been released from the bo...

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Differential Count

The Differential Count (or WBC Diff) measures the percentage and absolute number of each t...

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Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)

The Red Blood Cell (RBC) count measures the absolute number of erythrocytes per microliter...

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Hemoglobin, Total Count, Differential Count

This panel, often referred to as a subset of the Complete Blood Count (CBC), evaluates the...

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Peripheral Smear

A Peripheral Smear (or Peripheral Blood Film) is a manual microscopic examination of a thi...

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Sputum for Culture & Sensitivity

The Sputum Culture and Sensitivity test is a critical diagnostic tool used to identify pat...

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Bicarbonate (HCO3)

Bicarbonate is a vital byproduct of the body's metabolism and acts as a buffer to maintain...

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Hemoglobin Electrophoresis by HPLC

Hemoglobin Electrophoresis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a sophistic...

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Lymphocytes (Absolute)

Absolute Lymphocytes represent the total count of B-cells, T-cells, and Natural Killer (NK...

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Hematocrit (Hct)

Hematocrit represents the percentage of whole blood volume that is made up of red blood ce...

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Pulmonary Function Test

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) are a non-invasive group of tests that measure how well th...

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Platelet Count

Platelets, or thrombocytes, are small cell fragments in the blood that are essential for n...

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White Blood Cell Count (WBC)

The WBC count measures the total number of leukocytes in the blood, which are the primary ...

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Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)

MCH calculates the average amount (mass) of hemoglobin per individual red blood cell. It i...

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Hematocrit (Hct)

Hematocrit measures the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. It is a funda...

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White Blood Cell Count (WBC)

The White Blood Cell (WBC) count measures the total number of leukocytes in the blood. As ...

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Sputum For Culture and Sensitivity

Sputum Culture and Sensitivity is a laboratory test used to detect and identify bacteria o...

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Tb Platinum Igra, Blood

The Interferon-Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) is a modern blood test used to detect infection ...

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Mean Platelet Volume (MPV)

MPV measures the average size of platelets in the blood. Since larger platelets are typica...

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Peripheral Blood Morphology

Peripheral Blood Morphology, often referred to as a peripheral blood smear, is a diagnosti...

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Base Excess (BE)

Base Excess (BE) measures the deviation of the actual bicarbonate concentration from the n...

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Platelet Count (PLT)

Platelets (thrombocytes) are essential components of the Hemostatic system, responsible fo...

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Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin (Hb) is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen f...

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Lymphocytes (Absolute Count)

Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell (WBC) crucial for the adaptive immune system, i...

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Hemoglobin, Total Count, Differential Count, and Platelet Count

This panel, often referred to as a Complete Blood Count (CBC) component, evaluates the thr...

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Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)

RDW measures the variation in the size (volume) of red blood cells (RBCs), a phenomenon kn...

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Packed Cell Volume (PCV)

Packed Cell Volume (PCV), also known as hematocrit (Hct), measures the proportion of whole...

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Hemoglobin (Hgb)

Hemoglobin is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting ...

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Bone Marrow Biopsy

A Bone Marrow Biopsy involves the removal of a small solid core of bone marrow tissue (usu...

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FEV1/FVC Ratio

Ratio used to distinguish obstructive from restrictive lung disease....

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Haemoglobin

Haemoglobin (Hb) is the iron-containing protein found within red blood cells (RBCs). Its p...

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Alpha-1 Globulin

Alpha-1 Globulin is a fraction of serum proteins identified during electrophoresis. It pri...

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Complete Blood Count

The Complete Blood Count (CBC) is one of the most common and essential diagnostic tests in...

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Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)

The Red Blood Cell (RBC) count measures the total number of erythrocytes in a microliter o...

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Total White Blood Cell Count

The Total White Blood Cell (WBC) count measures the sum of all leukocytes in the blood, in...

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Oxygen Saturation (SaO2)

SaO2, measured via Arterial Blood Gas (ABG), represents the percentage of hemoglobin bindi...

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Hemoglobin (Hgb)

Hemoglobin is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells (RBCs) responsible for transp...

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Neutrophils (Absolute)

The Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) measures the actual number of neutrophils—the most abu...

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Alpha-1 Globulin

Alpha-1 globulin is a fraction of serum proteins identified during electrophoresis. Over 9...

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Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1)

FEV1 is the volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled from the lungs in the first second ...

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Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

An Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) test measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the b...

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CLL Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry is a sophisticated laboratory technique used to identify and characterize c...

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Medically Reviewed by Dr. Binoy Babu, MBBS

Board Certified Doctor • 10+ Years Clinical Experience

Dr. Babu is a practicing physician dedicated to empowering patients with clear, actionable medical information. He founded 2opi to bridge the gap between complex lab reports and patient understanding, ensuring everyone has access to a reliable second opinion.

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