Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis)
Kidney stones are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside your kidneys. They can be incredibly painful when they pass through the urinary tract, but usually cause no permanent damage.
Common Symptoms
- Severe pain in side and back
- Pain radiating to lower abdomen/groin
- Painful urination
- Pink, red or brown urine
- Nausea and vomiting
Clinical Sources
- Kidney Stones: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & TreatmentCleveland Clinic
Diagnostic Lab Tests
Tests commonly used to diagnose or monitor Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis):
24-Hour Urine Albumin
Albumin is a major protein found in the blood. In healthy kidneys, the filtering units (gl...
Urine pH
Urine pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of a urine sample. The kidneys play a major ro...
Crystals
The identification of crystals in urine (crystalluria) is a crucial component of a microsc...
Calcium
Calcium is one of the most vital minerals in the human body, playing a central role in sev...
Chlorides
Chloride is one of the most important electrolytes in the blood. It helps maintain the bal...
Crystals
The identification of crystals in urine (crystalluria) is a key component of a routine uri...
24-Hour Urine for Uric Acid
Uric acid is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism in humans. Purines are nitro...
Creatinine, Urine
Creatinine is a waste product from the normal breakdown of muscle tissue and is filtered b...
Vitamin D (25-Hydroxy)
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that functions more like a pro-hormone in the body. The...
Serum Uric Acid
Uric acid is a waste product created when the body breaks down purines—natural substances ...
Creatinine Clearance Test
The Creatinine Clearance (CrCl) test is used to estimate the Glomerular Filtration Rate (G...
Chloride, Urine
Urine Chloride is a vital measurement for evaluating the body's acid-base balance and elec...
Myeloma Profile
A Myeloma Profile is a comprehensive panel of tests designed to detect, quantify, and moni...
Potassium
Potassium (K+) is the primary intracellular cation, essential for maintaining the resting ...
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
BUN measures the amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from the waste product urea. I...
Creatinine
Creatinine is a waste product produced by the muscles from the breakdown of a compound cal...
Medcis Male Profile
The Medcis Male Profile is a comprehensive diagnostic panel specifically designed to evalu...
Urine Bence Jones Proteins
Bence Jones proteins are monoclonal globulin proteins (free light chains) produced by neop...
CSF Biochemical Analysis
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless liquid that bathes the brain and spinal co...
Vitamin D Total 25-Hydroxy (D2 & D3)
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble prohormone essential for calcium and phosphorus absorption in t...
24-Hours Urine For Creatinine
Creatinine is a waste product produced at a constant rate by the breakdown of creatine pho...
Urine Creatinine
Urine Creatinine measures the amount of creatinine (a byproduct of muscle metabolism) excr...
24-Hour Urine for Creatinine Clearance Test
The Creatinine Clearance (CrCl) test measures how effectively the kidneys filter creatinin...
eGFR (Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate)
The eGFR is the gold standard for assessing overall kidney function and staging Chronic Ki...
Urine Protein / Creatinine Ratio
The Urine Protein/Creatinine Ratio (UPCR) is a diagnostic tool used to estimate the amount...
Serum Creatinine
Serum Creatinine is a waste product of muscle metabolism excreted primarily by the kidneys...
Urine pH
Urine pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of a urine sample. It is a critical component ...
Chloride
Serum Chloride is a major extracellular anion that works closely with sodium, potassium, a...
Creatinine
Creatinine is a byproduct of creatine phosphate metabolism in muscle and is excreted prima...
Protein Creatinine Ratio
The Protein Creatinine Ratio (PCR) is a diagnostic tool used to estimate the amount of pro...
Calcium
Calcium is a vital mineral measured in the Basic Kidney Profile to evaluate mineral metabo...
Urine Uric Acid
Uric acid is the end-product of the metabolic breakdown of purines, which are nitrogenous ...
Serum Phosphorus
Phosphorus is a vital mineral that works closely with calcium to build strong bones and te...
Protein Electrophoresis
Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP) is a laboratory technique used to separate the protei...
Urine Metanephrines
Urine metanephrines are the metabolites of catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)...
Arthritis Basic Screen
The Arthritis Basic Screen is a multi-parameter diagnostic tool designed to detect systemi...
Serum Electrolytes
Electrolytes are electrically charged minerals found in your blood and other body fluids. ...
Complete Urine Examination
The Complete Urine Examination (CUE), also known as Urinalysis, is a fundamental diagnosti...
Creatinine
Creatinine measurement in Ascitic Fluid is a specialized diagnostic tool used primarily to...
Acetylcholine Receptor (AChR) Antibody
The Acetylcholine Receptor (AChR) antibody test is a blood assay used to identify autoanti...
Serum Electrophoresis
Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP) is a laboratory technique used to separate proteins i...
pH
Urine pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of a urine sample. In a Complete Urine Examina...
Vitamin D3 (1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol)
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D, also known as Calcitriol, is the biologically active form of Vita...
Serum Protein Electrophoresis
Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP) is a laboratory technique that separates proteins in ...
Ionized Calcium
Ionized calcium represents the 'free' form of calcium in the blood that is not bound to pr...
Serum Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) is secreted by the four parathyroid glands located in the neck. ...
Urine For Spot Protein
The Urine Spot Protein test measures the concentration of proteins, primarily albumin, in ...
24-Hour Urine Calcium
The 24-hour Urine Calcium test measures the total amount of calcium excreted in the urine ...
ECG With Report
An Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a non-invasive medical test that records the electric...
Blood Urea
Blood Urea is a waste product formed in the liver when protein is broken down into amino a...
Urine Calcium
Urine calcium measures the amount of calcium excreted by the kidneys over a 24-hour period...
Urine For Spot Creatinine
Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscle metabolism at a relatively constant rate....
Calcitonin
Calcitonin is a 32-amino acid hormone produced by the parafollicular cells (also known as ...
Urine For Microscopy
Urine microscopy is the physical examination of urine sediment under a microscope after ce...
Uric Acid
Uric Acid is the metabolic byproduct of purine degradation. In an Arthritis Basic Screen, ...
Sodium, Urine (24-Hour)
Urine Sodium measurement is a vital tool in assessing renal handling of electrolytes and v...
Urine Electrolytes
Urine Electrolyte testing measures the concentration of minerals—specifically sodium (Na),...
Basic Kidney Profile
The Basic Kidney Profile (often referred to as Renal Function Test) measures key electroly...
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