Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
CAD is caused by plaque buildup in the heart's arteries, leading to narrowed vessels and reduced blood flow. This can result in chest pain (angina) or, if severe, a heart attack. It is a major cause of heart disease.
Common Symptoms
- Chest pain (angina)
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
- Heart palpitations
- Pain in arms or shoulders
Clinical Sources
- Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Symptoms & TreatmentCleveland Clinic
- Coronary Artery Disease | CAD | MedlinePlusMedlinePlus
Diagnostic Lab Tests
Tests commonly used to diagnose or monitor Coronary Artery Disease (CAD):
Urine Specific Gravity
Urine Specific Gravity (USG) measures the concentration of particles in the urine compared...
HDL Cholesterol
High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) is frequently referred to as 'good' cholesterol. Its primar...
Fluid Cholesterol
Fluid Cholesterol measurement is utilized in Fluid Biochemical Analysis to differentiate b...
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEAS)
DHEAS is an androgenic steroid hormone produced almost exclusively by the adrenal cortex. ...
Postprandial Glucose
Postprandial glucose measures the level of sugar in the blood specifically after a meal (u...
Fat Globules
The detection of fat globules (neutral fats/triglycerides) in a Complete Stool Examination...
Lipase
Lipase is a digestive enzyme primarily produced by the pancreas. It is secreted into the s...
Fasting Blood Sugar
The Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) test measures the amount of glucose in the blood after an ov...
Stool for Fat Globulins
The Stool for Fat Globulins test, often referred to as a qualitative fecal fat microscopic...
VLDL Cholesterol
Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) is a type of lipoprotein produced by the liver to tran...
Urine Osmolality
Urine Osmolality is a precise measurement of the concentration of dissolved particles in t...
Fluid Glucose
Fluid Glucose testing measures the level of sugar in body fluids other than blood, most co...
Osmolality (Serum)
Serum Osmolality measures the concentration of dissolved particles in the blood, primarily...
1-Hour Post-Load Glucose
Part of the Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT), this measures the blood sugar level exactly 60 m...
Serum Cortisol
Cortisol is often referred to as the 'stress hormone' and is a vital steroid hormone produ...
CSF Glucose
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Glucose is analyzed to diagnose central nervous system (CNS) pat...
Triglycerides
Triglycerides are the most common form of fat in the body, serving as a primary energy sou...
Triglycerides
Measuring triglycerides in ascitic fluid is the definitive method for identifying 'chylous...
Urine For Chyle
The Urine for Chyle test detects the presence of chyle—a milky fluid consisting of lymph a...
Lipid Profile
A Lipid Profile is a panel of blood tests used to measure the amount of specific fat molec...
Medcis Male Profile
The Medcis Male Profile is a comprehensive diagnostic panel specifically designed to evalu...
Total Cholesterol
Total Cholesterol is a measurement of all the cholesterol components in the blood, includi...
Pleural Fluid for Rheumatoid Factor
This test measures the concentration of Rheumatoid Factor (RF)—an autoantibody—within the ...
CSF Biochemical Analysis
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless liquid that bathes the brain and spinal co...
2-Hour Post-Prandial Blood Sugar (PPBS)
The 2-Hour Post-Prandial Blood Sugar (PPBS) test measures the body's ability to metabolize...
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol
LDL Cholesterol, often termed 'bad' cholesterol, is a primary component of the lipid profi...
Post Dinner Blood Sugar
The Post Dinner (Postprandial) Blood Sugar test measures the level of glucose in the blood...
Benedict's Test
Benedict's test is a biochemical assay used to detect the presence of reducing sugars in t...
Urine For Sugar
The 'Urine for Sugar' test, commonly referred to as a glucose urine test, measures the amo...
Serum Progesterone
Progesterone is a steroid hormone primarily produced by the corpus luteum in the ovaries d...
Osmolality (Urine)
Urine osmolality is a measure of the concentration of particles dissolved in the urine, pr...
Glucose
Glucose is the primary source of energy for the body's cells and the only energy source fo...
Glucose Tolerance Test (1 Sample)
The Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) measures the body's ability to metabolize a specific dose...
Ketones (Urine)
In a Complete Urine Examination, the presence of ketones (ketonuria) indicates that the bo...
Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) Cholesterol
VLDL is a type of lipoprotein produced by the liver to carry triglycerides to tissues. Wit...
Triglycerides
Triglycerides are a type of lipid (fat) found in the blood. When you eat, the body convert...
Pre-Dinner Blood Sugar
Pre-dinner blood sugar (or pre-prandial glucose) measures the amount of glucose circulatin...
Complete Urine Examination
The Complete Urine Examination (CUE), also known as Urinalysis, is a fundamental diagnosti...
Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS)
Fasting Blood Sugar measures the circulating glucose in the blood after an 8 to 12-hour pe...
Ketones
Urine ketones are a product of fat metabolism, occurring when the body utilizes fat rather...
Glucose (Ascitic Fluid)
In Ascitic Fluid analysis, glucose levels are compared to serum levels to help identify th...
CSF ADA Levels
Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism. It is primarily foun...
Crenated RBC's
Crenated Red Blood Cells (RBCs), also known as echinocytes or burr cells, are erythrocytes...
Random Blood Sugar
Random Blood Sugar (RBS) measures the amount of glucose circulating in the blood at any gi...
Glucose
Glucose is the primary energy source for the body's cells and is the key marker for carboh...
Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK)
Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK), also known as Creatine Kinase (CK), is an essential enzyme f...
Total Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance found in all cells of the body. It is essential ...
Fasting Plasma Glucose
The Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) serves as the baseline measurement in a Glucose Tolerance...
Serum Osmolality
Serum osmolality is a measure of the concentration of dissolved particles in the blood, pr...
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme found in nearly all living cells. It plays a crit...
Urine Routine
A routine urinalysis (Urine Routine) is a fundamental diagnostic tool used to assess the c...
Glycosylated Hb% (HbA1c)
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measures the percentage of hemoglobin that has glucose attached to ...
2-Hour Post-Load Glucose
This component is part of the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). It measures how effectiv...
Serum Insulin
Insulin is a vital hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas. Its primary role is...
Ascitic Fluid For Proteins
Measuring protein levels in ascitic fluid (fluid buildup in the abdomen) is a critical ste...
Ascitic Fluid Biochemical Analysis
Ascitic fluid biochemical analysis involves the laboratory evaluation of fluid accumulated...
Glucose Tolerance Test (3 Samples)
The Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) is a gold-standard diagnostic tool used to evaluate how t...
Post Prandial Insulin
The Post Prandial Insulin test measures the amount of insulin produced by the pancreas in ...
CK-MB (Creatine Kinase-MB)
Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB) is a specific isoenzyme found primarily in the heart muscle (my...
Pre-Lunch Blood Sugar
Pre-Lunch Blood Sugar, also known as a pre-prandial glucose check, measures the concentrat...
Pleural Fluid - Biochemical Analysis
Biochemical analysis of pleural fluid is a comprehensive battery of tests performed on flu...
Urine For GTT
The Urine Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) is performed in conjunction with the oral blood glu...
Fluid Triglycerides
This test measures triglyceride concentration in aspirated body fluids (pleural, ascitic, ...
Troponin I
Troponin I is a protein found specifically in heart muscle fibers. It is part of the mecha...
LDL Cholesterol
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol. Its p...
Urine - Fatty Casts & Droplets
The detection of fatty casts and lipid droplets in urine is a specific microscopic finding...
Urine for Ketone Bodies
Ketones are metabolic byproducts produced when the body burns fat for energy instead of gl...
High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol
HDL cholesterol is often referred to as 'good' cholesterol because it facilitates reverse ...
Fluid Biochemical Analysis
Fluid Biochemical Analysis involves the chemical examination of fluids accumulated in body...
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is an acute-phase reactant protein produced by the liver. Its lev...
G6PD Estimation
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an essential enzyme found in red blood cells (...
Fluid Glucose
In the context of Fluid Biochemical Analysis (e.g., pleural, peritoneal, or pericardial fl...
FBS & PPBS
This combined test measures glucose levels at two distinct states: Fasting Blood Sugar (FB...
Urine Glucose
The presence of glucose in the urine (glycosuria) occurs when the blood glucose level exce...
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