Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
Hypertension is a common condition where the long-term force of blood against your artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems, such as heart disease. It often has no obvious symptoms but can be detected through regular check-ups.
Common Symptoms
- Often asymptomatic
- Headaches
- Shortness of breath
- Nosebleeds
- Chest pain
Clinical Sources
- Hypertension (High Blood Pressure): Symptoms and CausesCleveland Clinic
Diagnostic Lab Tests
Tests commonly used to diagnose or monitor Hypertension (High Blood Pressure):
Urine Sodium
Sodium is the primary extracellular electrolyte responsible for maintaining osmotic pressu...
24-Hour Urine Albumin
Albumin is a major protein found in the blood. In healthy kidneys, the filtering units (gl...
Epithelial Cells
This component of a urinalysis identifies cells shedding from the urinary tract. Squamous ...
Urine Specific Gravity
Urine Specific Gravity (USG) measures the concentration of particles in the urine compared...
HDL Cholesterol
High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) is frequently referred to as 'good' cholesterol. Its primar...
Fluid Cholesterol
Fluid Cholesterol measurement is utilized in Fluid Biochemical Analysis to differentiate b...
Crystals
The identification of crystals in urine (crystalluria) is a crucial component of a microsc...
Urine For VMA
Vanillylmandelic Acid (VMA) is a major metabolic end-product of the catecholamines epineph...
Chlorides
Chloride is one of the most important electrolytes in the blood. It helps maintain the bal...
Crystals
The identification of crystals in urine (crystalluria) is a key component of a routine uri...
VLDL Cholesterol
Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) is a type of lipoprotein produced by the liver to tran...
Creatinine, Urine
Creatinine is a waste product from the normal breakdown of muscle tissue and is filtered b...
Serum Cortisol
Cortisol is often referred to as the 'stress hormone' and is a vital steroid hormone produ...
Urine For Albumin
Albumin is a protein typically found in high concentrations in the blood. In healthy kidne...
24-Hour Urinary VMA
Vanillylmandelic Acid (VMA) is one of the primary breakdown products (metabolites) of cate...
Urine Clarity
Clarity (or turbidity) is a physical characteristic assessed during a routine urinalysis. ...
Creatinine Clearance Test
The Creatinine Clearance (CrCl) test is used to estimate the Glomerular Filtration Rate (G...
Lipid Profile
A Lipid Profile is a panel of blood tests used to measure the amount of specific fat molec...
Chloride, Urine
Urine Chloride is a vital measurement for evaluating the body's acid-base balance and elec...
Potassium
Potassium (K+) is the primary intracellular cation, essential for maintaining the resting ...
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
BUN measures the amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from the waste product urea. I...
Creatinine
Creatinine is a waste product produced by the muscles from the breakdown of a compound cal...
Medcis Male Profile
The Medcis Male Profile is a comprehensive diagnostic panel specifically designed to evalu...
Total Cholesterol
Total Cholesterol is a measurement of all the cholesterol components in the blood, includi...
CSF Biochemical Analysis
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless liquid that bathes the brain and spinal co...
24-Hours Urine For Creatinine
Creatinine is a waste product produced at a constant rate by the breakdown of creatine pho...
Urine Creatinine
Urine Creatinine measures the amount of creatinine (a byproduct of muscle metabolism) excr...
24-Hour Urine for Creatinine Clearance Test
The Creatinine Clearance (CrCl) test measures how effectively the kidneys filter creatinin...
eGFR (Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate)
The eGFR is the gold standard for assessing overall kidney function and staging Chronic Ki...
Urine Protein / Creatinine Ratio
The Urine Protein/Creatinine Ratio (UPCR) is a diagnostic tool used to estimate the amount...
Serum Creatinine
Serum Creatinine is a waste product of muscle metabolism excreted primarily by the kidneys...
Urine pH
Urine pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of a urine sample. It is a critical component ...
Chloride
Serum Chloride is a major extracellular anion that works closely with sodium, potassium, a...
Urine Potassium
Potassium is a vital electrolyte essential for nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and m...
Creatinine
Creatinine is a byproduct of creatine phosphate metabolism in muscle and is excreted prima...
Protein Creatinine Ratio
The Protein Creatinine Ratio (PCR) is a diagnostic tool used to estimate the amount of pro...
Aldosterone-Renin Ratio
The Aldosterone-Renin Ratio (ARR) is the most reliable screening test for Primary Aldoster...
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol
LDL Cholesterol, often termed 'bad' cholesterol, is a primary component of the lipid profi...
Urine For Sugar
The 'Urine for Sugar' test, commonly referred to as a glucose urine test, measures the amo...
Systolic Blood Pressure
Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) measures the force your heart exerts on the walls of your ar...
Urine Metanephrines
Urine metanephrines are the metabolites of catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)...
Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) Cholesterol
VLDL is a type of lipoprotein produced by the liver to carry triglycerides to tissues. Wit...
Triglycerides
Triglycerides are a type of lipid (fat) found in the blood. When you eat, the body convert...
Serum Electrolytes
Electrolytes are electrically charged minerals found in your blood and other body fluids. ...
Complete Urine Examination
The Complete Urine Examination (CUE), also known as Urinalysis, is a fundamental diagnosti...
Aldosterone
Aldosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. Its primary function is t...
Creatinine
Creatinine measurement in Ascitic Fluid is a specialized diagnostic tool used primarily to...
Urine For Occult Blood
The Urine Occult Blood test (often part of a dipstick urinalysis) is designed to detect th...
Plasma Renin Activity
Plasma Renin Activity (PRA) measures the capacity of the enzyme renin to generate angioten...
Urobilinogen - Urine
Urobilinogen is a colorless byproduct of bilirubin reduction. It is formed in the intestin...
Anti Phospholipid Antibody
Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies (APA) are autoantibodies that mistakenly target the body's ow...
Appearance
The visual assessment of urine clarity is a fundamental part of a urinalysis. Normal urine...
24 Hours Urine Protein
The 24-hour urine protein test measures the total amount of protein excreted in the urine ...
Crenated RBC's
Crenated Red Blood Cells (RBCs), also known as echinocytes or burr cells, are erythrocytes...
Leukocyte Esterase
Leukocyte Esterase is an enzyme produced by white blood cells (neutrophils). Its presence ...
Total Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance found in all cells of the body. It is essential ...
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) is a critical enzyme primarily produced by epithelial ...
Urine For Spot Protein
The Urine Spot Protein test measures the concentration of proteins, primarily albumin, in ...
Squamous Epithelial Cells (Urine)
Squamous epithelial cells are large, flat cells that line the outermost part of the urethr...
Urine Routine
A routine urinalysis (Urine Routine) is a fundamental diagnostic tool used to assess the c...
Sodium
Sodium is the primary extracellular cation and is essential for maintaining osmotic pressu...
Plasma Renin Activity
Plasma Renin Activity (PRA) measures the rate of formation of Angiotensin I from Angiotens...
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a surrogate marker for body fatness based on an individual's mass...
Blood Urea
Blood Urea is a waste product formed in the liver when protein is broken down into amino a...
Urine For Spot Creatinine
Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscle metabolism at a relatively constant rate....
Bilirubin (Urine)
Under normal physiological conditions, bilirubin (specifically conjugated bilirubin) is no...
Urine Microalbumin
The Urine Microalbumin test measures very small amounts of albumin, a protein typically fo...
Post Prandial Insulin
The Post Prandial Insulin test measures the amount of insulin produced by the pancreas in ...
Diastolic Blood Pressure
Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart muscle...
LDL Cholesterol
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol. Its p...
Urine - Fatty Casts & Droplets
The detection of fatty casts and lipid droplets in urine is a specific microscopic finding...
Sodium, Urine (24-Hour)
Urine Sodium measurement is a vital tool in assessing renal handling of electrolytes and v...
High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol
HDL cholesterol is often referred to as 'good' cholesterol because it facilitates reverse ...
Plasma Aldosterone
Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates s...
Serum Sodium
Sodium is the primary extracellular electrolyte and is vital for maintaining fluid balance...
Blood Pressure
Blood pressure (BP) measures the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries....
Urine Electrolytes
Urine Electrolyte testing measures the concentration of minerals—specifically sodium (Na),...
Basic Kidney Profile
The Basic Kidney Profile (often referred to as Renal Function Test) measures key electroly...
Urine For Spot Sodium
Sodium is a critical electrolyte that regulates the amount of water in the body and plays ...
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