Multiple Myeloma
Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell found in the bone marrow. These cancerous plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow and crowd out healthy blood cells, leading to various complications.
Common Symptoms
- Bone pain
- Fatigue
- Frequent infections
- Weight loss
- Nausea
Clinical Sources
- Multiple Myeloma: Symptoms, Causes & TreatmentCleveland Clinic
Diagnostic Lab Tests
Tests commonly used to diagnose or monitor Multiple Myeloma:
24-Hour Urine Albumin
Albumin is a major protein found in the blood. In healthy kidneys, the filtering units (gl...
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)
MCH measures the average mass of hemoglobin per red blood cell. As part of a 'Complete Blo...
Albumin/Globulin (A/G) Ratio
The Albumin/Globulin (A/G) ratio is a calculated value used to evaluate the balance betwee...
Urine pH
Urine pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of a urine sample. The kidneys play a major ro...
Total Leukocyte Count
The Total Leukocyte Count (WBC count) measures the total number of white blood cells in a ...
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
The Complete Blood Count (CBC) is a fundamental diagnostic panel that measures the various...
Crystals
The identification of crystals in urine (crystalluria) is a crucial component of a microsc...
Calcium
Calcium is one of the most vital minerals in the human body, playing a central role in sev...
RBC Count
The Red Blood Cell (RBC) count measures the number of erythrocytes in a microliter of whol...
Blood Cell Morphology
Blood Cell Morphology is a qualitative microscopic examination of a blood smear. A patholo...
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
MCV measures the average size/volume of a single red blood cell. It is the most critical R...
Crystals
The identification of crystals in urine (crystalluria) is a key component of a routine uri...
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
MCHC is a calculated parameter in a Complete Blood Count (CBC) that represents the average...
Creatinine, Urine
Creatinine is a waste product from the normal breakdown of muscle tissue and is filtered b...
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
MCV is a measure of the average volume (size) of a single red blood cell. It is a critical...
Beta Globulin
Beta globulins are a group of globular proteins in the plasma that are more mobile in alka...
Vitamin D (25-Hydroxy)
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that functions more like a pro-hormone in the body. The...
Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
RDW is a numerical measure of anisocytosis, or the variation in size of circulating red bl...
Platelet Count (PLT)
Platelets (thrombocytes) are specialized cell fragments essential for hemostasis (blood cl...
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) is a measure of the average volume (size) of a single red bl...
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin (Hb) is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells (RBCs) responsible for t...
Total Protein
Total protein measures the combined amount of albumin and globulins in the serum. In the c...
Creatinine Clearance Test
The Creatinine Clearance (CrCl) test is used to estimate the Glomerular Filtration Rate (G...
Myeloma Profile
A Myeloma Profile is a comprehensive panel of tests designed to detect, quantify, and moni...
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
BUN measures the amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from the waste product urea. I...
Creatinine
Creatinine is a waste product produced by the muscles from the breakdown of a compound cal...
Complete Blood Picture
The Complete Blood Picture (CBP), also known as a Complete Blood Count (CBC), is one of th...
Medcis Male Profile
The Medcis Male Profile is a comprehensive diagnostic panel specifically designed to evalu...
Urine Bence Jones Proteins
Bence Jones proteins are monoclonal globulin proteins (free light chains) produced by neop...
Platelet Count
Platelets (thrombocytes) are cell fragments essential for blood clotting and hemostasis. T...
Red Blood Cell Count
The RBC count measures the actual number of red blood cells in a volume of blood. Within a...
Gamma Globulin
The gamma globulin fraction on a Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP) primarily consists o...
Vitamin D Total 25-Hydroxy (D2 & D3)
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble prohormone essential for calcium and phosphorus absorption in t...
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
The Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) is a calculation of the average conce...
24-Hours Urine For Creatinine
Creatinine is a waste product produced at a constant rate by the breakdown of creatine pho...
Urine Creatinine
Urine Creatinine measures the amount of creatinine (a byproduct of muscle metabolism) excr...
24-Hour Urine for Creatinine Clearance Test
The Creatinine Clearance (CrCl) test measures how effectively the kidneys filter creatinin...
eGFR (Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate)
The eGFR is the gold standard for assessing overall kidney function and staging Chronic Ki...
Urine Protein / Creatinine Ratio
The Urine Protein/Creatinine Ratio (UPCR) is a diagnostic tool used to estimate the amount...
Serum Creatinine
Serum Creatinine is a waste product of muscle metabolism excreted primarily by the kidneys...
Urine pH
Urine pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of a urine sample. It is a critical component ...
Creatinine
Creatinine is a byproduct of creatine phosphate metabolism in muscle and is excreted prima...
Protein Creatinine Ratio
The Protein Creatinine Ratio (PCR) is a diagnostic tool used to estimate the amount of pro...
Reticulocyte Count
Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells (RBCs) that have just been released from the bo...
Calcium
Calcium is a vital mineral measured in the Basic Kidney Profile to evaluate mineral metabo...
Urine Uric Acid
Uric acid is the end-product of the metabolic breakdown of purines, which are nitrogenous ...
Serum Phosphorus
Phosphorus is a vital mineral that works closely with calcium to build strong bones and te...
Protein Electrophoresis
Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP) is a laboratory technique used to separate the protei...
Differential Count
The Differential Count (or WBC Diff) measures the percentage and absolute number of each t...
Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)
The Red Blood Cell (RBC) count measures the absolute number of erythrocytes per microliter...
Albumin (SPEP)
In Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP), albumin represents the largest and fastest-moving...
Hemoglobin, Total Count, Differential Count
This panel, often referred to as a subset of the Complete Blood Count (CBC), evaluates the...
Peripheral Smear
A Peripheral Smear (or Peripheral Blood Film) is a manual microscopic examination of a thi...
Complete Urine Examination
The Complete Urine Examination (CUE), also known as Urinalysis, is a fundamental diagnosti...
Creatinine
Creatinine measurement in Ascitic Fluid is a specialized diagnostic tool used primarily to...
Acetylcholine Receptor (AChR) Antibody
The Acetylcholine Receptor (AChR) antibody test is a blood assay used to identify autoanti...
Hemoglobin Electrophoresis by HPLC
Hemoglobin Electrophoresis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a sophistic...
Serum Electrophoresis
Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP) is a laboratory technique used to separate proteins i...
Lymphocytes (Absolute)
Absolute Lymphocytes represent the total count of B-cells, T-cells, and Natural Killer (NK...
pH
Urine pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of a urine sample. In a Complete Urine Examina...
Hematocrit (Hct)
Hematocrit represents the percentage of whole blood volume that is made up of red blood ce...
Platelet Count
Platelets, or thrombocytes, are small cell fragments in the blood that are essential for n...
White Blood Cell Count (WBC)
The WBC count measures the total number of leukocytes in the blood, which are the primary ...
Vitamin D3 (1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol)
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D, also known as Calcitriol, is the biologically active form of Vita...
Beta 2 Microglobulin
Beta-2 Microglobulin (B2M) is a protein found on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells...
Serum Protein Electrophoresis
Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP) is a laboratory technique that separates proteins in ...
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)
MCH calculates the average amount (mass) of hemoglobin per individual red blood cell. It i...
Total Proteins
The Total Protein test measures the cumulative amount of albumin and globulin in the blood...
Hematocrit (Hct)
Hematocrit measures the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. It is a funda...
White Blood Cell Count (WBC)
The White Blood Cell (WBC) count measures the total number of leukocytes in the blood. As ...
Ionized Calcium
Ionized calcium represents the 'free' form of calcium in the blood that is not bound to pr...
Serum Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) is secreted by the four parathyroid glands located in the neck. ...
Mean Platelet Volume (MPV)
MPV measures the average size of platelets in the blood. Since larger platelets are typica...
Peripheral Blood Morphology
Peripheral Blood Morphology, often referred to as a peripheral blood smear, is a diagnosti...
24-Hour Urine Calcium
The 24-hour Urine Calcium test measures the total amount of calcium excreted in the urine ...
Total Protein
Total Protein measures the combined amount of albumin and globulins in the serum. Within a...
ECG With Report
An Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a non-invasive medical test that records the electric...
Blood Urea
Blood Urea is a waste product formed in the liver when protein is broken down into amino a...
Platelet Count (PLT)
Platelets (thrombocytes) are essential components of the Hemostatic system, responsible fo...
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin (Hb) is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen f...
Lymphocytes (Absolute Count)
Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell (WBC) crucial for the adaptive immune system, i...
Urine Calcium
Urine calcium measures the amount of calcium excreted by the kidneys over a 24-hour period...
Urine For Spot Creatinine
Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscle metabolism at a relatively constant rate....
Hemoglobin, Total Count, Differential Count, and Platelet Count
This panel, often referred to as a Complete Blood Count (CBC) component, evaluates the thr...
Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
RDW measures the variation in the size (volume) of red blood cells (RBCs), a phenomenon kn...
Calcitonin
Calcitonin is a 32-amino acid hormone produced by the parafollicular cells (also known as ...
Packed Cell Volume (PCV)
Packed Cell Volume (PCV), also known as hematocrit (Hct), measures the proportion of whole...
Albumin
In Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP), Albumin appears as the largest, tallest peak. It ...
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
Hemoglobin is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting ...
Urine For Microscopy
Urine microscopy is the physical examination of urine sediment under a microscope after ce...
Bone Marrow Biopsy
A Bone Marrow Biopsy involves the removal of a small solid core of bone marrow tissue (usu...
Haemoglobin
Haemoglobin (Hb) is the iron-containing protein found within red blood cells (RBCs). Its p...
Complete Blood Count
The Complete Blood Count (CBC) is one of the most common and essential diagnostic tests in...
Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)
The Red Blood Cell (RBC) count measures the total number of erythrocytes in a microliter o...
Total White Blood Cell Count
The Total White Blood Cell (WBC) count measures the sum of all leukocytes in the blood, in...
Albumin/Globulin (A/G) Ratio
The A/G ratio is a calculated value derived from a Serum Protein Electrophoresis or Liver ...
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
Hemoglobin is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells (RBCs) responsible for transp...
Neutrophils (Absolute)
The Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) measures the actual number of neutrophils—the most abu...
Basic Kidney Profile
The Basic Kidney Profile (often referred to as Renal Function Test) measures key electroly...
Urine Immunofixation Electrophoresis Quantitative
Urine Immunofixation Electrophoresis (IFE) is a sensitive laboratory technique used to ide...
CLL Flow Cytometry
Flow Cytometry is a sophisticated laboratory technique used to identify and characterize c...
Need Help?
Symptoms can be confusing. Get a professional opinion on your lab reports or symptoms from Dr. Binoy.
Consult Dr. BinoyMedically Reviewed by Dr. Binoy Babu, MBBS
Board Certified Doctor • 10+ Years Clinical Experience
Dr. Babu is a practicing physician dedicated to empowering patients with clear, actionable medical information. He founded 2opi to bridge the gap between complex lab reports and patient understanding, ensuring everyone has access to a reliable second opinion.
Get Notified When Dr. Babu Is Available