Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia is a condition in which the calcium concentration in the blood is abnormally high. It can weaken bones, create kidney stones, and interfere with how your heart and brain work.
Common Symptoms
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Constipation
- Increased urination and thirst
Clinical Sources
- Hypercalcemia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & TreatmentCleveland Clinic
Diagnostic Lab Tests
Tests commonly used to diagnose or monitor Hypercalcemia:
24-Hour Urine Albumin
Albumin is a major protein found in the blood. In healthy kidneys, the filtering units (gl...
CSF Albumin
Albumin is not produced in the central nervous system; therefore, its presence in the Cere...
Albumin/Globulin (A/G) Ratio
The Albumin/Globulin (A/G) ratio is a calculated value used to evaluate the balance betwee...
Urine pH
Urine pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of a urine sample. The kidneys play a major ro...
Total Leukocyte Count
The Total Leukocyte Count (WBC count) measures the total number of white blood cells in a ...
Rheumatoid Factor IgG (ELISA)
Rheumatoid Factor (RF) is an autoantibody—an antibody directed against the body's own tiss...
Crystals
The identification of crystals in urine (crystalluria) is a crucial component of a microsc...
Acid Phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase (ACP) is an enzyme found in various tissues, including the bone, liver, s...
Calcium
Calcium is one of the most vital minerals in the human body, playing a central role in sev...
Crystals
The identification of crystals in urine (crystalluria) is a key component of a routine uri...
Urine For Albumin
Albumin is a protein typically found in high concentrations in the blood. In healthy kidne...
Albumin
Albumin is the most abundant protein found in blood plasma, produced exclusively by the li...
Vitamin D (25-Hydroxy)
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that functions more like a pro-hormone in the body. The...
Specific IgE - Egg White
This test measures the concentration of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies directed specifi...
Total Protein
Total protein measures the combined amount of albumin and globulins in the serum. In the c...
Alpha-2 Globulin
The Alpha-2 globulin fraction consists primarily of Alpha-2 Macroglobulin and Haptoglobin....
Albumin
Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein, responsible for maintaining oncotic pressure ...
Myeloma Profile
A Myeloma Profile is a comprehensive panel of tests designed to detect, quantify, and moni...
Specific IgE - Codfish
This test measures the level of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in the...
Proteins & A/G Ratio
This test measures Total Protein in the blood, which is composed primarily of Albumin and ...
Globulin
Globulin is a calculated value (Total Protein minus Albumin). It comprises diverse protein...
Urine Bence Jones Proteins
Bence Jones proteins are monoclonal globulin proteins (free light chains) produced by neop...
Ascitic Fluid Total Protein
This test measures the concentration of protein in fluid accumulated in the abdominal cavi...
Vitamin D Total 25-Hydroxy (D2 & D3)
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble prohormone essential for calcium and phosphorus absorption in t...
24-Hours Urine For Creatinine
Creatinine is a waste product produced at a constant rate by the breakdown of creatine pho...
Urine Protein / Creatinine Ratio
The Urine Protein/Creatinine Ratio (UPCR) is a diagnostic tool used to estimate the amount...
Urine pH
Urine pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of a urine sample. It is a critical component ...
Creatinine
Creatinine is a byproduct of creatine phosphate metabolism in muscle and is excreted prima...
Protein Creatinine Ratio
The Protein Creatinine Ratio (PCR) is a diagnostic tool used to estimate the amount of pro...
Albert's Stain
Albert's Stain is a specialized differential staining technique used in microbiology to id...
Anti Tissue Transglutaminase IgA (Anti-TTG IgA)
The Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase (tTG) IgA test is the primary screening blood test for Ce...
Calcium
Calcium is a vital mineral measured in the Basic Kidney Profile to evaluate mineral metabo...
Protein
Protein in a urine routine (proteinuria) is a fundamental indicator of renal health. In a ...
Urine Uric Acid
Uric acid is the end-product of the metabolic breakdown of purines, which are nitrogenous ...
Serum Phosphorus
Phosphorus is a vital mineral that works closely with calcium to build strong bones and te...
Protein Electrophoresis
Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP) is a laboratory technique used to separate the protei...
Homocysteine
Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid produced during the metabolism of methionin...
pH (Ascitic Fluid)
The pH of ascitic fluid is a critical marker in Ascitic Fluid Biochemical Analysis, primar...
Liver Function Test Without GGT
The Liver Function Test (LFT) without GGT is a panel of blood tests used to evaluate the h...
Albumin (SPEP)
In Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP), albumin represents the largest and fastest-moving...
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
MCV measures the average size (volume) of a single red blood cell (RBC). It is a vital RBC...
Peripheral Smear
A Peripheral Smear (or Peripheral Blood Film) is a manual microscopic examination of a thi...
Complete Urine Examination
The Complete Urine Examination (CUE), also known as Urinalysis, is a fundamental diagnosti...
Fluid Albumin
Fluid Albumin measurement is essential for calculating the Serum-Ascites Albumin Gradient ...
Acetylcholine Receptor (AChR) Antibody
The Acetylcholine Receptor (AChR) antibody test is a blood assay used to identify autoanti...
Serum Electrophoresis
Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP) is a laboratory technique used to separate proteins i...
pH
Urine pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of a urine sample. In a Complete Urine Examina...
Protein (Urine)
Measuring protein in the urine is a primary screen for kidney function. Normally, the glom...
Free Testosterone
Free Testosterone measures the amount of testosterone in the blood that is not bound to Se...
Vitamin D3 (1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol)
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D, also known as Calcitriol, is the biologically active form of Vita...
Serum Protein Electrophoresis
Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP) is a laboratory technique that separates proteins in ...
24 Hours Urine Protein
The 24-hour urine protein test measures the total amount of protein excreted in the urine ...
Crenated RBC's
Crenated Red Blood Cells (RBCs), also known as echinocytes or burr cells, are erythrocytes...
Total Proteins
The Total Protein test measures the cumulative amount of albumin and globulin in the blood...
Albumin
Albumin in ascitic fluid is primarily measured to calculate the Serum-Ascites Albumin Grad...
Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK)
Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK), also known as Creatine Kinase (CK), is an essential enzyme f...
Total Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance found in all cells of the body. It is essential ...
Ionized Calcium
Ionized calcium represents the 'free' form of calcium in the blood that is not bound to pr...
Serum Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) is secreted by the four parathyroid glands located in the neck. ...
Urine For Spot Protein
The Urine Spot Protein test measures the concentration of proteins, primarily albumin, in ...
Albumin
Albumin is the most abundant protein in human blood plasma and is synthesized exclusively ...
24-Hour Urine Calcium
The 24-hour Urine Calcium test measures the total amount of calcium excreted in the urine ...
Total Protein
Total Protein measures the combined amount of albumin and globulins in the serum. Within a...
Egg White (Specific IgE)
Egg white is one of the most common food allergens, especially in children. This test meas...
ECG With Report
An Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a non-invasive medical test that records the electric...
Ascitic Fluid For Proteins
Measuring protein levels in ascitic fluid (fluid buildup in the abdomen) is a critical ste...
Ascitic Fluid Biochemical Analysis
Ascitic fluid biochemical analysis involves the laboratory evaluation of fluid accumulated...
Albumin
Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein, synthesized exclusively by the liver. In a Li...
Globulin
Globulins are a diverse group of proteins in the blood that play vital roles in liver func...
Urine Calcium
Urine calcium measures the amount of calcium excreted by the kidneys over a 24-hour period...
Urine For Spot Creatinine
Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscle metabolism at a relatively constant rate....
Urine Microalbumin
The Urine Microalbumin test measures very small amounts of albumin, a protein typically fo...
Calcitonin
Calcitonin is a 32-amino acid hormone produced by the parafollicular cells (also known as ...
Albumin
In Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP), Albumin appears as the largest, tallest peak. It ...
Specific IgE - Cow's Milk
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodie...
Urine For Microscopy
Urine microscopy is the physical examination of urine sediment under a microscope after ce...
CK-MB (Creatine Kinase-MB)
Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB) is a specific isoenzyme found primarily in the heart muscle (my...
Pleural Fluid - Biochemical Analysis
Biochemical analysis of pleural fluid is a comprehensive battery of tests performed on flu...
Albumin/Globulin (A/G) Ratio
The A/G ratio is a calculated value derived from a Serum Protein Electrophoresis or Liver ...
Urine - Fatty Casts & Droplets
The detection of fatty casts and lipid droplets in urine is a specific microscopic finding...
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Ascitic Fluid
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) in ascitic fluid is a key marker used to differentiate between...
Testosterone
Testosterone is the primary androgenic steroid hormone. In males, it is mainly produced in...
Egg White Specific IgE
The Egg White Specific IgE test measures the concentration of IgE antibodies specifically ...
G6PD Estimation
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an essential enzyme found in red blood cells (...
Total Protein
Serum Total Protein measures the combined amount of albumin and globulins. It is a vital m...
A/G Ratio (Albumin/Globulin Ratio)
The A/G ratio is a calculated value comparing the amount of Albumin to Globulins (Total Pr...
Pandy's Test
Pandy’s test is a bedside qualitative diagnostic test used to detect elevated levels of pr...
Total Protein
As part of Serum Electrophoresis, Total Protein represents the sum of Albumin and all Glob...
A/G Ratio
The A/G ratio is a calculated value representing the relationship between two major types ...
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