Gout
Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, swelling, redness, and tenderness in one or more joints, most often in the big toe. It is caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in a joint.
Common Symptoms
- Severe joint pain (often big toe)
- Swelling and redness
- Warmth over the joint
- Joint tenderness
- Limited range of motion
Clinical Sources
- Gout - Symptoms and causes - Mayo ClinicMayo Clinic
- Gout: Symptoms, Treatment & PreventionCleveland Clinic
- Gout - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo ClinicMayo Clinic
- Gout: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaMedlinePlus
Diagnostic Lab Tests
Tests commonly used to diagnose or monitor Gout:
24-Hour Urine Albumin
Albumin is a major protein found in the blood. In healthy kidneys, the filtering units (gl...
Interleukin 6
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a versatile pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by various cells, i...
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)
MCH measures the average mass of hemoglobin per red blood cell. As part of a 'Complete Blo...
Urine pH
Urine pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of a urine sample. The kidneys play a major ro...
Total Leukocyte Count
The Total Leukocyte Count (WBC count) measures the total number of white blood cells in a ...
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
The Complete Blood Count (CBC) is a fundamental diagnostic panel that measures the various...
Crystals
The identification of crystals in urine (crystalluria) is a crucial component of a microsc...
RBC Count
The Red Blood Cell (RBC) count measures the number of erythrocytes in a microliter of whol...
Blood Cell Morphology
Blood Cell Morphology is a qualitative microscopic examination of a blood smear. A patholo...
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
ESR is a non-specific marker of systemic inflammation. It measures the rate at which red b...
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
MCV measures the average size/volume of a single red blood cell. It is the most critical R...
Crystals
The identification of crystals in urine (crystalluria) is a key component of a routine uri...
Total Leucocyte Count (TC)
The Total Leucocyte Count (TLC) measures the total number of white blood cells (WBCs) in a...
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
MCHC is a calculated parameter in a Complete Blood Count (CBC) that represents the average...
24-Hour Urine for Uric Acid
Uric acid is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism in humans. Purines are nitro...
Urine Osmolality
Urine Osmolality is a precise measurement of the concentration of dissolved particles in t...
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
MCV is a measure of the average volume (size) of a single red blood cell. It is a critical...
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
CRP is an acute-phase reactant protein synthesized by the liver in response to interleukin...
Serum Uric Acid
Uric acid is a waste product created when the body breaks down purines—natural substances ...
Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
RDW is a numerical measure of anisocytosis, or the variation in size of circulating red bl...
Platelet Count (PLT)
Platelets (thrombocytes) are specialized cell fragments essential for hemostasis (blood cl...
Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
Rheumatoid Factor (RF) is an autoantibody—an antibody directed against the body's own tiss...
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) is a measure of the average volume (size) of a single red bl...
Platelet Count
Platelets (thrombocytes) are small cell fragments essential for primary hemostasis. When b...
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin (Hb) is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells (RBCs) responsible for t...
Free T3, Free T4
Free T3 (Triiodothyronine) and Free T4 (Thyroxine) are the 'active' forms of thyroid hormo...
Creatinine Clearance Test
The Creatinine Clearance (CrCl) test is used to estimate the Glomerular Filtration Rate (G...
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) is a common hematology test that measures how qui...
Rheumatoid Factor (RA Factor)
Rheumatoid Factor (RF) is an autoantibody, specifically an immunoglobulin (usually IgM) th...
Hb, Tc, Dc & Esr
This profile is a baseline hematological screen consisting of Hemoglobin (Hb), Total Count...
Complete Blood Picture
The Complete Blood Picture (CBP), also known as a Complete Blood Count (CBC), is one of th...
Medcis Male Profile
The Medcis Male Profile is a comprehensive diagnostic panel specifically designed to evalu...
Mpo Stain
The Myeloperoxidase (MPO) Stain is a cytochemical test used to detect the enzyme myelopero...
Platelet Count
Platelets (thrombocytes) are cell fragments essential for blood clotting and hemostasis. T...
Red Blood Cell Count
The RBC count measures the actual number of red blood cells in a volume of blood. Within a...
CSF Biochemical Analysis
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless liquid that bathes the brain and spinal co...
Vitamin D Total 25-Hydroxy (D2 & D3)
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble prohormone essential for calcium and phosphorus absorption in t...
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
The Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) is a calculation of the average conce...
24-Hours Urine For Creatinine
Creatinine is a waste product produced at a constant rate by the breakdown of creatine pho...
eGFR (Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate)
The eGFR is the gold standard for assessing overall kidney function and staging Chronic Ki...
Urine pH
Urine pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of a urine sample. It is a critical component ...
Ferritin
Ferritin is a universal intracellular protein that stores iron and releases it in a contro...
Protein Creatinine Ratio
The Protein Creatinine Ratio (PCR) is a diagnostic tool used to estimate the amount of pro...
Reticulocyte Count
Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells (RBCs) that have just been released from the bo...
Urine Uric Acid
Uric acid is the end-product of the metabolic breakdown of purines, which are nitrogenous ...
Urine For Sugar
The 'Urine for Sugar' test, commonly referred to as a glucose urine test, measures the amo...
Serum Progesterone
Progesterone is a steroid hormone primarily produced by the corpus luteum in the ovaries d...
Differential Count
The Differential Count (or WBC Diff) measures the percentage and absolute number of each t...
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin (Hb) is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells responsible for transpor...
Eosinophils (Absolute)
Eosinophils are a specialized type of white blood cell (granulocyte) primarily responsible...
Arthritis Basic Screen
The Arthritis Basic Screen is a multi-parameter diagnostic tool designed to detect systemi...
Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)
The Red Blood Cell (RBC) count measures the absolute number of erythrocytes per microliter...
Hemoglobin, Total Count, Differential Count
This panel, often referred to as a subset of the Complete Blood Count (CBC), evaluates the...
Peripheral Smear
A Peripheral Smear (or Peripheral Blood Film) is a manual microscopic examination of a thi...
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
MCHC measures the average concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red bloo...
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is an acute-phase reactant synthesized by the liver in response t...
Hemoglobin Electrophoresis by HPLC
Hemoglobin Electrophoresis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a sophistic...
Lymphocytes (Absolute)
Absolute Lymphocytes represent the total count of B-cells, T-cells, and Natural Killer (NK...
pH
Urine pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of a urine sample. In a Complete Urine Examina...
Hematocrit (Hct)
Hematocrit represents the percentage of whole blood volume that is made up of red blood ce...
Platelet Count
Platelets, or thrombocytes, are small cell fragments in the blood that are essential for n...
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
ESR measures the distance red blood cells fall in a tube over one hour. In an Arthritis Ba...
White Blood Cell Count (WBC)
The WBC count measures the total number of leukocytes in the blood, which are the primary ...
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)
MCH calculates the average amount (mass) of hemoglobin per individual red blood cell. It i...
Synovial Fluid for Gram Stain
The Synovial Fluid Gram Stain is a rapid diagnostic test used to identify the presence of ...
24 Hours Urine Protein
The 24-hour urine protein test measures the total amount of protein excreted in the urine ...
Hematocrit (Hct)
Hematocrit measures the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. It is a funda...
HSV 2 IgG
The HSV 2 IgG test is a blood test used to detect type-specific antibodies against the Her...
White Blood Cell Count (WBC)
The White Blood Cell (WBC) count measures the total number of leukocytes in the blood. As ...
Serum Total Iron Binding Capacity
Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) is a blood test that measures the blood's capacity to b...
Sputum For Culture and Sensitivity
Sputum Culture and Sensitivity is a laboratory test used to detect and identify bacteria o...
COVID Panel Bio Chemistry
The COVID Biochemistry Panel is a cluster of laboratory tests used to monitor the physiolo...
Ionized Calcium
Ionized calcium represents the 'free' form of calcium in the blood that is not bound to pr...
Mean Platelet Volume (MPV)
MPV measures the average size of platelets in the blood. Since larger platelets are typica...
Peripheral Blood Morphology
Peripheral Blood Morphology, often referred to as a peripheral blood smear, is a diagnosti...
24-Hour Urine Calcium
The 24-hour Urine Calcium test measures the total amount of calcium excreted in the urine ...
Synovial Fluid For Culture And Sensitivity
The Synovial Fluid Culture and Sensitivity (C/S) test is a critical diagnostic procedure u...
Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity (UIBC)
UIBC measures the reserve capacity of transferrin (the primary iron transport protein) tha...
Basophils
Basophils are a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) that plays a critical role in the imm...
Free Thyroxine (FT4)
Free Thyroxine (FT4) is the active, unbound form of the hormone T4 produced by the thyroid...
Platelet Count (PLT)
Platelets (thrombocytes) are essential components of the Hemostatic system, responsible fo...
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin (Hb) is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen f...
Lymphocytes (Absolute Count)
Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell (WBC) crucial for the adaptive immune system, i...
Urine For Spot Creatinine
Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscle metabolism at a relatively constant rate....
Hemoglobin, Total Count, Differential Count, and Platelet Count
This panel, often referred to as a Complete Blood Count (CBC) component, evaluates the thr...
Scrub Typhus (IgM/IgG)
This test detects antibodies (IgM and IgG) against Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative b...
Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
RDW measures the variation in the size (volume) of red blood cells (RBCs), a phenomenon kn...
Urine Microalbumin
The Urine Microalbumin test measures very small amounts of albumin, a protein typically fo...
Packed Cell Volume (PCV)
Packed Cell Volume (PCV), also known as hematocrit (Hct), measures the proportion of whole...
Hemoglobin, TC, DC, ESR & Platelet Count
This panel is a comprehensive hematological assessment. It includes Hemoglobin (Hb) for ox...
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
Hemoglobin is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting ...
Urine For Microscopy
Urine microscopy is the physical examination of urine sediment under a microscope after ce...
Bone Marrow Biopsy
A Bone Marrow Biopsy involves the removal of a small solid core of bone marrow tissue (usu...
Haemoglobin
Haemoglobin (Hb) is the iron-containing protein found within red blood cells (RBCs). Its p...
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) is a non-specific marker of systemic inflammation...
Complete Blood Count
The Complete Blood Count (CBC) is one of the most common and essential diagnostic tests in...
Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)
The Red Blood Cell (RBC) count measures the total number of erythrocytes in a microliter o...
Uric Acid
Uric Acid is the metabolic byproduct of purine degradation. In an Arthritis Basic Screen, ...
Total White Blood Cell Count
The Total White Blood Cell (WBC) count measures the sum of all leukocytes in the blood, in...
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
Hemoglobin is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells (RBCs) responsible for transp...
Swab for Culture and Sensitivity
The Swab Culture and Sensitivity test is designed to isolate and identify infectious micro...
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is an acute-phase reactant protein produced by the liver. Its lev...
Neutrophils (Absolute)
The Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) measures the actual number of neutrophils—the most abu...
Hemoglobin (Hb)
Hemoglobin is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells (RBCs) responsible for transp...
Nasal Discharge For Culture and Sensitivity
The Nasal Culture and Sensitivity (C/S) test is designed to identify pathogenic bacteria o...
Serum C-Peptide
C-peptide is a byproduct created when the pancreas produces insulin. Proinsulin is cleaved...
NIPT (Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing)
Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT), also known as cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening, analy...
Pandy's Test
Pandy’s test is a bedside qualitative diagnostic test used to detect elevated levels of pr...
CLL Flow Cytometry
Flow Cytometry is a sophisticated laboratory technique used to identify and characterize c...
Cell Block Preparation
Cell Block Preparation is a technique used in cytopathology to process fluid specimens int...
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