Anemia
Anemia is a condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your body's tissues. It can be temporary or long term and can range from mild to severe.
Common Symptoms
- Fatigue
- Weakness
- Pale or yellowish skin
- Irregular heartbeats
- Shortness of breath
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
Clinical Sources
- Anemia: Symptoms, Causes & TreatmentCleveland Clinic
- Anemia - Symptoms and causes - Mayo ClinicMayo Clinic
- Anemia | MedlinePlusMedlinePlus
Diagnostic Lab Tests
Tests commonly used to diagnose or monitor Anemia:
Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
The presence of intact Red Blood Cells in a stool sample (microscopic examination) indicat...
Casts
Casts are cylindrical structures produced by the kidney and secreted in the urine. They ar...
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)
MCH measures the average mass of hemoglobin per red blood cell. As part of a 'Complete Blo...
Blood Grouping and Rh Typing
Blood Grouping and Rh Typing is a foundational test used to identify a person's blood type...
Urine pH
Urine pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of a urine sample. The kidneys play a major ro...
Sputum for RBC
The Sputum for Red Blood Cells (RBC) test is a microscopic examination of expectorated phl...
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
The Complete Blood Count (CBC) is a fundamental diagnostic panel that measures the various...
Other Hemoglobin Variants
This component identifies and quantifies non-standard hemoglobins during High-Performance ...
Acid Phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase (ACP) is an enzyme found in various tissues, including the bone, liver, s...
RBC Count
The Red Blood Cell (RBC) count measures the number of erythrocytes in a microliter of whol...
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin (Hb) is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells responsible for transpor...
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)
MCH calculates the average amount of hemoglobin contained within a single red blood cell. ...
Red Blood Cells (Microscopic)
This component measures the presence of intact erythrocytes in the urine sediment using hi...
Blood Cell Morphology
Blood Cell Morphology is a qualitative microscopic examination of a blood smear. A patholo...
Serum Iron
This test measures the amount of circulating iron that is bound to the transport protein t...
Hemoglobin A
Hemoglobin A (HbA) is the predominant form of hemoglobin in adults (alpha2-beta2). In the ...
Ferritin
Ferritin is the primary intracellular protein that stores iron and releases it in a contro...
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
ESR is a non-specific marker of systemic inflammation. It measures the rate at which red b...
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
MCV measures the average size/volume of a single red blood cell. It is the most critical R...
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
MCHC is a calculated parameter in a Complete Blood Count (CBC) that represents the average...
24-Hour Urine Copper
Copper is a vital trace mineral that serves as a cofactor for several enzymes involved in ...
Specific IgE - Alternaria alternata (Mold)
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodie...
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
MCV is a measure of the average volume (size) of a single red blood cell. It is a critical...
Hematocrit (Hct)
Hematocrit measures the volume percentage of red blood cells (RBCs) in whole blood. It is ...
Hemoglobin A
Hemoglobin A (HbA) is the major adult form of hemoglobin, consisting of two alpha and two ...
Beta Globulin
Beta globulins are a group of globular proteins in the plasma that are more mobile in alka...
Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
RDW is a numerical measure of anisocytosis, or the variation in size of circulating red bl...
Spore Stain
The Spore Stain, most commonly utilizing the Schaeffer-Fulton method, is a specialized dif...
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) is a measure of the average volume (size) of a single red bl...
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin (Hb) is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells (RBCs) responsible for t...
Complete Stool Examination
A Complete Stool Examination is a series of tests performed on a stool sample to help diag...
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) is a common hematology test that measures how qui...
Fibrinogen
Fibrinogen, also known as Factor I, is a glycoprotein produced by the liver that plays a c...
Platelet Count
Platelets (thrombocytes) are essential for primary hemostasis and clot formation. Within a...
Myeloma Profile
A Myeloma Profile is a comprehensive panel of tests designed to detect, quantify, and moni...
Allergy Profile Without Drugs
The Allergy Profile Without Drugs is a panel of blood tests that measures the concentratio...
Hb, Tc, Dc & Esr
This profile is a baseline hematological screen consisting of Hemoglobin (Hb), Total Count...
Complete Blood Picture
The Complete Blood Picture (CBP), also known as a Complete Blood Count (CBC), is one of th...
Skin Scraping For Fungal Culture
The Skin Scraping for Fungal Culture is a diagnostic laboratory procedure used to identify...
Medcis Male Profile
The Medcis Male Profile is a comprehensive diagnostic panel specifically designed to evalu...
Urine Bence Jones Proteins
Bence Jones proteins are monoclonal globulin proteins (free light chains) produced by neop...
Semen Volume
Semen volume measures the total amount of ejaculate produced. It is a critical component o...
Red Blood Cell Count
The RBC count measures the actual number of red blood cells in a volume of blood. Within a...
Macrophages (CSF)
In the Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Differential Count, macrophages are not typically present...
CSF Biochemical Analysis
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless liquid that bathes the brain and spinal co...
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
The Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) is a calculation of the average conce...
Ferritin
Ferritin is a universal intracellular protein that stores iron and releases it in a contro...
Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)
TIBC is a functional measure of the maximum amount of iron that can be bound by serum prot...
Anti Tissue Transglutaminase IgA (Anti-TTG IgA)
The Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase (tTG) IgA test is the primary screening blood test for Ce...
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a critical rol...
Reticulocyte Count
Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells (RBCs) that have just been released from the bo...
Hemoglobin C
Hemoglobin C is an abnormal hemoglobin variant caused by a specific mutation in the beta-g...
Total Bilirubin
Bilirubin is a yellowish pigment formed during the normal breakdown of red blood cells (he...
Protein Electrophoresis
Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP) is a laboratory technique used to separate the protei...
Aspergillus Fumigatus IgE
The Aspergillus Fumigatus IgE test is a blood-based assay that measures the concentration ...
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin (Hb) is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells responsible for transpor...
Alpha-2 Globulin
Alpha-2 globulin is a fraction of serum proteins identified during electrophoresis. This g...
Serum Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) is an essential nutrient required for proper red blood cell format...
Arthritis Basic Screen
The Arthritis Basic Screen is a multi-parameter diagnostic tool designed to detect systemi...
Hemoglobin S (HbS)
Hemoglobin S is an abnormal variant of hemoglobin that causes red blood cells to become si...
Stool for Occult Blood
The Stool Occult Blood test (often abbreviated as FOBT or FIT) is a screening tool used to...
Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)
The Red Blood Cell (RBC) count measures the absolute number of erythrocytes per microliter...
Allergy Profile (Veg, Non-Veg, Inhalants) + Total IgE
This comprehensive allergy profile measures the level of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies...
Hemoglobin, Total Count, Differential Count
This panel, often referred to as a subset of the Complete Blood Count (CBC), evaluates the...
Transferrin Saturation
Transferrin Saturation (TSAT) is a calculated percentage [(Serum Iron / TIBC) x 100]. With...
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
MCV measures the average size (volume) of a single red blood cell (RBC). It is a vital RBC...
Peripheral Smear
A Peripheral Smear (or Peripheral Blood Film) is a manual microscopic examination of a thi...
JAK-2 Mutation (Exon 14, 12)
The Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) gene provides instructions for making a protein that promotes th...
Anaerobic Culture
Anaerobic cultures are designed to detect bacteria that can only survive in environments w...
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
MCHC measures the average concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red bloo...
Red Blood Cells (Microscopic)
The presence of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) in the urine, known as hematuria, is a critical fin...
Serum Iron
Serum iron measures the amount of circulating iron that is bound to transferrin in the blo...
Ferritin
Ferritin is the primary intracellular iron-storage protein and reflects total body iron st...
Beta Globulin
Beta globulins are a group of globular proteins in serum that move in the beta-fraction du...
Hemoglobin Electrophoresis by HPLC
Hemoglobin Electrophoresis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a sophistic...
Urine For Occult Blood
The Urine Occult Blood test (often part of a dipstick urinalysis) is designed to detect th...
Serum Electrophoresis
Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP) is a laboratory technique used to separate proteins i...
Operating Theatre Swabs (Anaerobic Culture)
This test involves culturing swabs taken from surgical environments (Operating Theatre) sp...
Hematocrit (Hct)
Hematocrit represents the percentage of whole blood volume that is made up of red blood ce...
Urobilinogen - Urine
Urobilinogen is a colorless byproduct of bilirubin reduction. It is formed in the intestin...
Hemoglobin E
Hemoglobin E (HbE) is an abnormal hemoglobin variant caused by a point mutation in the bet...
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Antigen Detection
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a unique bacterium that lacks a cell wall, making it naturally re...
Platelet Count
Platelets, or thrombocytes, are small cell fragments in the blood that are essential for n...
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
ESR measures the distance red blood cells fall in a tube over one hour. In an Arthritis Ba...
Specific IgE - Cat Dander
This test measures the concentration of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies specific to cat ...
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)
MCH calculates the average amount (mass) of hemoglobin per individual red blood cell. It i...
Serum Ferritin
Ferritin is a blood protein that contains iron. It is the primary way your body stores iro...
Appearance
The visual assessment of urine clarity is a fundamental part of a urinalysis. Normal urine...
Crenated RBC's
Crenated Red Blood Cells (RBCs), also known as echinocytes or burr cells, are erythrocytes...
Drugs of Abuse 5-Panel (DOA 5)
The Drugs of Abuse 5-Panel (DOA 5) is a rapid screening test used to detect the presence o...
Stool for Ova & Cyst
The Stool for Ova and Parasites (O&P) test is a microscopic evaluation used to detect the ...
Erythrocytes
Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) in the Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) are not normally present. ...
Hematocrit (Hct)
Hematocrit measures the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. It is a funda...
Peripheral Smear for MP
The Peripheral Smear for Malarial Parasite (MP) is the gold standard diagnostic tool for m...
Total White Blood Cell Count
Identical in clinical function to the WBC count, this measurement evaluates the total immu...
Serum Total Iron Binding Capacity
Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) is a blood test that measures the blood's capacity to b...
COVID Panel Bio Chemistry
The COVID Biochemistry Panel is a cluster of laboratory tests used to monitor the physiolo...
Total Count Differential Count (Tcdc-X)
The TCDC (Total Count and Differential Count) is a fundamental blood test that measures th...
Erythropoietin Levels
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the peritubular cells...
Hemoglobin Electrophoresis
Hemoglobin electrophoresis is a blood test used to measure and identify the different type...
Mutton (Lamb) Specific IgE
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific IgE antibodies in the serum dire...
RBC Folate Level
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Folate measures the amount of folate (Vitamin B9) stored inside red b...
Hemoglobin A2
Hemoglobin A2 (HbA2) is a minor component of adult hemoglobin. Measuring its percentage vi...
Cockroach (German) Specific IgE
This test detects IgE antibodies against Blattella germanica (German Cockroach) allergens....
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme found in nearly all living cells. It plays a crit...
Urine Routine
A routine urinalysis (Urine Routine) is a fundamental diagnostic tool used to assess the c...
Glycosylated Hb% (HbA1c)
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measures the percentage of hemoglobin that has glucose attached to ...
Hemoglobin C
Hemoglobin C is an abnormal variant of hemoglobin caused by a substitution in the beta-glo...
Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO)
The DLCO test measures the ability of the lungs to transfer gas from inhaled air to the re...
Peripheral Blood Morphology
Peripheral Blood Morphology, often referred to as a peripheral blood smear, is a diagnosti...
Direct Coombs Test
The Direct Coombs Test, also known as the Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT), is used to deter...
Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity (UIBC)
UIBC measures the reserve capacity of transferrin (the primary iron transport protein) tha...
Bilirubin (Total And Direct)
Bilirubin is a yellowish pigment made during the normal breakdown of red blood cells (hemo...
Hemoglobin A2
Hemoglobin A2 (HbA2) is a minor variant of adult hemoglobin (composed of two alpha and two...
Rice (Specific IgE)
This test measures the level of allergen-specific IgE antibodies to rice in the blood. Whi...
Rh Antibody Titre
The Rh Antibody Titre test measures the concentration of antibodies against the Rh factor ...
Occult Blood (FOBT)
The Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) is a biochemical analysis used to detect the presence o...
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a surrogate marker for body fatness based on an individual's mass...
Hemoglobin F (HbF)
Hemoglobin F is the primary oxygen carrier in a fetus, but it is typically replaced by Hem...
TPO Antibodies
Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) is an enzyme normally found in the thyroid gland that plays a cru...
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin (Hb) is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen f...
Semen Analysis
Semen analysis is the cornerstone of male fertility evaluation. It provides a comprehensiv...
Hemoglobin, Total Count, Differential Count, and Platelet Count
This panel, often referred to as a Complete Blood Count (CBC) component, evaluates the thr...
Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
RDW measures the variation in the size (volume) of red blood cells (RBCs), a phenomenon kn...
Bilirubin (Urine)
Under normal physiological conditions, bilirubin (specifically conjugated bilirubin) is no...
Serum Haptoglobulin
Haptoglobin is a protein produced by the liver that functions as a scavenger for free hemo...
Total IgE
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a class of antibodies produced by the immune system that plays a...
Serum Folic Acid
Serum Folic Acid (Vitamin B9) is essential for the synthesis of DNA and RNA, the productio...
AFB Culture & Sensitivity (Radiometric)
AFB (Acid-Fast Bacilli) Culture and Sensitivity is the gold standard for diagnosing infect...
Packed Cell Volume (PCV)
Packed Cell Volume (PCV), also known as hematocrit (Hct), measures the proportion of whole...
BRCA 1 & 2 Gene Analysis
The BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BReast CAncer genes 1 and 2) are tumor suppressor genes. Their primar...
Hemoglobin, TC, DC, ESR & Platelet Count
This panel is a comprehensive hematological assessment. It includes Hemoglobin (Hb) for ox...
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
Hemoglobin is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting ...
Urine For Microscopy
Urine microscopy is the physical examination of urine sediment under a microscope after ce...
Hemoglobin (Hb)
Hemoglobin is the iron-containing protein in Red Blood Cells (RBCs) responsible for oxygen...
Bone Marrow Biopsy
A Bone Marrow Biopsy involves the removal of a small solid core of bone marrow tissue (usu...
Haemoglobin
Haemoglobin (Hb) is the iron-containing protein found within red blood cells (RBCs). Its p...
Hemoglobin F
Hemoglobin F (HbF), or fetal hemoglobin, is the primary oxygen transport protein in the hu...
Hemoglobin S
Hemoglobin S (HbS) is an abnormal variant of hemoglobin caused by a specific mutation in t...
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) is a non-specific marker of systemic inflammation...
Fluid For Cell Count / Celltype
Fluid analysis for cell count and differential (cell type) involves the microscopic examin...
Complete Blood Count
The Complete Blood Count (CBC) is one of the most common and essential diagnostic tests in...
Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)
The Red Blood Cell (RBC) count measures the total number of erythrocytes in a microliter o...
Bronchial Washing for AFB
The Bronchial Washing for Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) test is a critical diagnostic tool used ...
Indirect Coombs Test (Antibody Screen)
The Indirect Coombs Test, also known as the Indirect Antiglobulin Test (IAT), is primarily...
Serum Ceruloplasmin
Ceruloplasmin is a ferroxidase enzyme that carries about 95% of the copper in the plasma. ...
Oxygen Saturation (SaO2)
SaO2, measured via Arterial Blood Gas (ABG), represents the percentage of hemoglobin bindi...
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
Hemoglobin is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells (RBCs) responsible for transp...
Hemoglobin (Hb)
Hemoglobin is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells (RBCs) responsible for transp...
Blood Pressure
Blood pressure (BP) measures the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries....
pH (Semen)
Semen pH measures the balance between the acidic secretions of the prostate and the alkali...
Testosterone
Testosterone is the primary androgenic steroid hormone. In males, it is mainly produced in...
G6PD Estimation
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an essential enzyme found in red blood cells (...
Total Bilirubin
Total Bilirubin is a measurement of the sum of conjugated (direct) and unconjugated (indir...
Urine Color
The color of urine is a primary physical characteristic evaluated during a Urine Routine e...
Total Bilirubin
Total Bilirubin measures the sum of conjugated (direct) and unconjugated (indirect) biliru...
Serum Transferrin
Transferrin is the main protein in the blood that binds to iron and transports it througho...
Blood (Hemoglobin)
This component of a Complete Urine Examination detects the presence of red blood cells (he...
Fluid For AFB Staining
Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) staining is a laboratory technique used to identify bacteria that ...
Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
RDW is a numerical measure of the variation in size (volume) of red blood cells, a conditi...
Iron Deficiency Profile
The Iron Deficiency Profile is a comprehensive panel that typically includes Serum Iron, T...
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