Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
A UTI is an infection in any part of your urinary system, including kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Most infections involve the lower urinary tract (bladder and urethra) and are more common in women.
Common Symptoms
- Strong, persistent urge to urinate
- Burning sensation during urination
- Frequent, small amounts of urine
- Cloudy urine
- Pelvic pain (in women)
Clinical Sources
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Causes, Symptoms & TreatmentCleveland Clinic
Diagnostic Lab Tests
Tests commonly used to diagnose or monitor Urinary Tract Infection (UTI):
Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
The presence of intact Red Blood Cells in a stool sample (microscopic examination) indicat...
Epithelial Cells
This component of a urinalysis identifies cells shedding from the urinary tract. Squamous ...
Casts
Casts are cylindrical structures produced by the kidney and secreted in the urine. They ar...
Urine Specific Gravity
Urine Specific Gravity (USG) measures the concentration of particles in the urine compared...
Total Leucocyte Count (WBC)
Component of White Blood Cell differential....
Urine pH
Urine pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of a urine sample. The kidneys play a major ro...
Ascitic Fluid LDH Levels
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme found in almost all body tissues. When cells are ...
TPHA (Treponema Pallidum Hemagglutination Assay)
The TPHA test is a specific treponemal test used to detect antibodies directed against Tre...
Total Leukocyte Count
The Total Leukocyte Count (WBC count) measures the total number of white blood cells in a ...
Nitrite
The Nitrite test is a biochemical marker for bacteriuria, specifically involving organisms...
Fluid Cholesterol
Fluid Cholesterol measurement is utilized in Fluid Biochemical Analysis to differentiate b...
Gamma Globulin
Gamma globulins represent the fraction of serum proteins that primarily contain immunoglob...
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEAS)
DHEAS is an androgenic steroid hormone produced almost exclusively by the adrenal cortex. ...
Postprandial Glucose
Postprandial glucose measures the level of sugar in the blood specifically after a meal (u...
Sputum for RBC
The Sputum for Red Blood Cells (RBC) test is a microscopic examination of expectorated phl...
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
The Complete Blood Count (CBC) is a fundamental diagnostic panel that measures the various...
Urine For VMA
Vanillylmandelic Acid (VMA) is a major metabolic end-product of the catecholamines epineph...
Leukocyte Esterase
Leukocyte Esterase (LE) is an enzyme produced by neutrophils. Its presence in the urine in...
Wet Mount
A Wet Mount, also known as a vaginal smear or saline mount, is a diagnostic test where a s...
Calcium
Calcium is one of the most vital minerals in the human body, playing a central role in sev...
TSH Receptor Antibody
TSH Receptor Antibodies (TRAb) are autoantibodies that bind to the thyroid-stimulating hor...
RBC Count
The Red Blood Cell (RBC) count measures the number of erythrocytes in a microliter of whol...
DNA TB PCR
The DNA TB PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) test is a rapid molecular diagnostic tool used ...
Red Blood Cells (Microscopic)
This component measures the presence of intact erythrocytes in the urine sediment using hi...
AFB Culture (Conventional)
The Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) Culture is a laboratory test used to grow and identify mycobac...
Blood Cell Morphology
Blood Cell Morphology is a qualitative microscopic examination of a blood smear. A patholo...
Discharge From Nipple For Culture And Sensitivity
This test involves collecting fluid discharged from the nipple to identify pathogenic bact...
Allergy Profile (Veg) + Total IgE
This panel combines a Total IgE measurement with specific IgE tests for a variety of plant...
Neutrophils (Absolute)
Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) measures the actual number of neutrophil granulocytes in t...
Fasting Blood Sugar
The Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) test measures the amount of glucose in the blood after an ov...
TB GeneXpert (RT-PCR)
The TB GeneXpert is a molecular test that uses Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR...
Stool for Fat Globulins
The Stool for Fat Globulins test, often referred to as a qualitative fecal fat microscopic...
Reducing Substances
The stool reducing substances test is primarily used to screen for carbohydrate malabsorpt...
COVID Panel Hematology
The COVID Panel Hematology is not a single test but a specialized grouping of hematologica...
Stool Culture and Sensitivity
The Stool Culture and Sensitivity test is a primary diagnostic tool used to identify the p...
Eosinophils
Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell usually involved in allergic reactions and para...
Crystals
The identification of crystals in urine (crystalluria) is a key component of a routine uri...
Throat Swab for Culture and Sensitivity
A Throat Swab Culture is used to detect the presence of harmful bacteria in the posterior ...
Procalcitonin
Procalcitonin (PCT) is a peptide precursor of the hormone calcitonin. In healthy individua...
Eosinophils
Eosinophils are a specialized type of white blood cell (leukocyte) primarily involved in t...
Total Leucocyte Count (TC)
The Total Leucocyte Count (TLC) measures the total number of white blood cells (WBCs) in a...
Pap Smear
The Papanicolaou test, commonly known as a Pap Smear, is a screening procedure for cervica...
Microfilaria - QBC Method
The Microfilaria test using the Quantitative Buffy Coat (QBC) method is a diagnostic techn...
Total Leukocyte Count (TC)
The Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) measures the total number of white blood cells (WBCs) in a...
Cervical Biopsy
A cervical biopsy is a diagnostic procedure in which a small sample of tissue is removed f...
Fluid Glucose
Fluid Glucose testing measures the level of sugar in body fluids other than blood, most co...
Hereditary Cancer Gene Panel - Focused
The Hereditary Cancer Gene Panel is a specialized genetic test that utilizes Next-Generati...
Neutrophils (DC)
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of White Blood Cell (WBC) and serve as the primary ...
Absolute Neutrophil Count
The Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) is a critical component of the White Blood Cell (WBC) ...
CSF Glucose
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Glucose is analyzed to diagnose central nervous system (CNS) pat...
VDRL Test
The Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test is a screening tool used to detect an...
Small Biopsy
A small biopsy involves the removal of a tiny piece of tissue from the body for microscopi...
A.S.O. Titre
The Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titre measures the amount of antibodies the body produces aga...
Beta Globulin
Beta globulins are a group of globular proteins in the plasma that are more mobile in alka...
Adenoid Tissue For Culture And Sensitivity
The adenoids are a patch of lymphoid tissue located high in the throat, just behind the no...
Vitamin D (25-Hydroxy)
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that functions more like a pro-hormone in the body. The...
Pleural Fluid For Culture And Sensitivity
The pleural space is the thin gap between the lungs and the chest wall, containing a small...
Serum Uric Acid
Uric acid is a waste product created when the body breaks down purines—natural substances ...
Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
RDW is a numerical measure of anisocytosis, or the variation in size of circulating red bl...
Spore Stain
The Spore Stain, most commonly utilizing the Schaeffer-Fulton method, is a specialized dif...
Neutrophils
Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cell type and the first responders to the si...
TB IgM, IgG, IgA
The TB Serology test measures the levels of different antibodies (IgM, IgG, and IgA) produ...
Malaria Parasite - QBC Method
The Quantitative Buffy Coat (QBC) method is a specialized fluorescent microscopy technique...
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) crucial for the adaptive immune sys...
Ear Pus for Culture and Sensitivity
The Ear Pus Culture and Sensitivity test is a critical diagnostic tool used to identify th...
Culture and Sensitivity
The Culture and Sensitivity (C&S) test is the gold standard in microbiology for diagnosing...
Nail Clipping for Fungus (KOH Mount and Culture)
The Nail Clipping for Fungus test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify fungal infect...
CSF Lactate
CSF Lactate is a biomarker used to differentiate between bacterial and viral meningitis. L...
Urine For A.F.B
The Urine for Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) test is a laboratory procedure used to detect mycoba...
Throat Swab For Fungus
The Throat Swab for Fungus test is used to identify fungal overgrowth in the oropharynx. W...
Urine For Pregnancy
The Urine Pregnancy Test is a qualitative or semi-quantitative assay designed to detect th...
Urine Clarity
Clarity (or turbidity) is a physical characteristic assessed during a routine urinalysis. ...
Complete Stool Examination
A Complete Stool Examination is a series of tests performed on a stool sample to help diag...
Urine For Chyle
The Urine for Chyle test detects the presence of chyle—a milky fluid consisting of lymph a...
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) is a common hematology test that measures how qui...
Lipid Profile
A Lipid Profile is a panel of blood tests used to measure the amount of specific fat molec...
Urobilinogen
Urobilinogen is a colorless byproduct of bilirubin reduction by intestinal bacteria. Most ...
Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A) & Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (Beta-hCG)
Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A) and Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (beta...
CLL Cytogenetics
CLL Cytogenetics utilizes techniques like FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) and Ka...
Immunohistochemistry
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a laboratory technique used to visualize the distribution an...
Color
The visual assessment of urine color is the first step in a Complete Urine Examination (Ph...
Acid-Fast Bacilli Staining
Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) staining, also known as the Ziehl-Neelsen stain, is a laboratory t...
Ascitic Fluid ADA Levels
Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism. It is primarily rele...
Allergy Profile Without Drugs
The Allergy Profile Without Drugs is a panel of blood tests that measures the concentratio...
HLA B27
The HLA-B27 (Human Leukocyte Antigen B27) is a specific protein, known as a class I surfac...
Hb, Tc, Dc & Esr
This profile is a baseline hematological screen consisting of Hemoglobin (Hb), Total Count...
Urobilinogen
Urobilinogen is a byproduct of bilirubin reduction by intestinal bacteria. Most is excrete...
Complete Blood Picture
The Complete Blood Picture (CBP), also known as a Complete Blood Count (CBC), is one of th...
Medcis Male Profile
The Medcis Male Profile is a comprehensive diagnostic panel specifically designed to evalu...
Neutrophils (Relative)
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and serve as the primary respon...
COVID-19 RT-PCR
The Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard for dete...
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG)
SHBG is a protein produced by the liver that binds tightly to three sex hormones: testoste...
Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
The Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) test measures the time it takes for a blood clot to ...
Sputum Culture (Diphtheria & Pyogenic Organisms)
A Sputum Culture for Diphtheria and Pyogenic Organisms is a laboratory test used to identi...
Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)
CEA is a glycoprotein involved in cell adhesion. While primarily associated with colorecta...
Smear for Gram Stain
The Gram Stain is one of the most critical and rapid tests in microbiology. It uses a seri...
Stool pH
Stool pH is measured as part of a Complete Stool Examination to evaluate for carbohydrate ...
Pleural Fluid for Rheumatoid Factor
This test measures the concentration of Rheumatoid Factor (RF)—an autoantibody—within the ...
Urine For Urea
Urea is the primary nitrogenous waste product of protein catabolism in humans. Produced in...
CSF Biochemical Analysis
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless liquid that bathes the brain and spinal co...
Vitamin D Total 25-Hydroxy (D2 & D3)
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble prohormone essential for calcium and phosphorus absorption in t...
LE Cell
The Lupus Erythematosus (LE) cell is a neutrophil or macrophage that has ingested the dena...
HBsAg (Australia Antigen)
The Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg), historically known as the Australia Antigen, is t...
Urine pH
Urine pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of a urine sample. It is a critical component ...
Gram's Stain
The Gram's Stain is a rapid laboratory test used to identify the general type of bacteria ...
Blood for Culture & Sensitivity
A Blood Culture is a laboratory test used to detect the presence of microorganisms, such a...
Sputum for Gram Stain
A Sputum Gram Stain is a laboratory test used to detect the presence of bacteria in a samp...
Widal Test (Slide Method)
The Widal test is a serological test used to diagnose enteric fever, which includes Typhoi...
Stool for Reducing Substance
This test detects the presence of reducing sugars in the stool. Most carbohydrates are abs...
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
Total Lung Capacity (TLC) is the volume of air contained in the lungs at the end of a maxi...
Protein Creatinine Ratio
The Protein Creatinine Ratio (PCR) is a diagnostic tool used to estimate the amount of pro...
Albert's Stain
Albert's Stain is a specialized differential staining technique used in microbiology to id...
Protein
Protein in a urine routine (proteinuria) is a fundamental indicator of renal health. In a ...
Potassium
Potassium is a critical mineral and electrolyte that facilitates nerve transmission and th...
Benedict's Test
Benedict's test is a biochemical assay used to detect the presence of reducing sugars in t...
Ear Clipping For AFB
The Ear Clipping for AFB (Acid-Fast Bacilli) test, also known as a Slit-Skin Smear (SSS), ...
ROS 1 IHC Marker
The ROS1 Immunohistochemistry (IHC) marker is a specialized laboratory test performed on t...
Urine For Sugar
The 'Urine for Sugar' test, commonly referred to as a glucose urine test, measures the amo...
Inhibin-A
Inhibin-A is a peptide hormone produced primarily by the granulosa cells of the ovaries in...
AFB Culture (Radiometric)
The AFB (Acid-Fast Bacilli) Culture using radiometric methods (such as the BACTEC system) ...
Synovial Fluid For AFB
This test involves the microscopic examination (smear) and culture of synovial fluid (join...
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)
The Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) is a functional measure of the 'intrinsic...
Beta HCG (Tumor Marker)
While Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) is most famous as the 'pregnancy hormone,' its Be...
White Blood Cells (Microscopic)
The presence of White Blood Cells (WBCs) in urine, known as pyuria, is a primary indicator...
Protein Electrophoresis
Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP) is a laboratory technique used to separate the protei...
Differential Count
The Differential Count (or WBC Diff) measures the percentage and absolute number of each t...
GIST Mutation Analysis Exon 9 & Exon 11
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the dige...
Skin Scraping for Culture & Sensitivity
Skin scraping for culture and sensitivity is a laboratory procedure used to identify the s...
Pleural Fluid - AFB Smear
The Pleural Fluid Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) Smear is a critical diagnostic tool used to dete...
Glucose
Glucose is the primary source of energy for the body's cells and the only energy source fo...
AFB Culture & Sensitivity (Conventional)
The AFB Culture and Sensitivity test is the 'gold standard' for diagnosing tuberculosis (T...
Eye Swab for C/S
The Eye Swab for Culture and Sensitivity (C/S) is a diagnostic procedure performed to iden...
Fungal Culture
A Fungal Culture is used to diagnose fungal infections (mycoses) of the skin, nails, hair,...
Wound Pus for Culture and Sensitivity
A Wound Culture and Sensitivity test is a laboratory procedure used to identify the specif...
Stool for Occult Blood
The Stool Occult Blood test (often abbreviated as FOBT or FIT) is a screening tool used to...
pH (Ascitic Fluid)
The pH of ascitic fluid is a critical marker in Ascitic Fluid Biochemical Analysis, primar...
AML Comboquest 9
AML Comboquest 9 is a specialized molecular panel designed to identify key genetic mutatio...
Liver Function Test Without GGT
The Liver Function Test (LFT) without GGT is a panel of blood tests used to evaluate the h...
Stool For Culture And Sensitivity
A Stool Culture and Sensitivity test is used to identify harmful bacteria (pathogens) in t...
Hemoglobin, Total Count, Differential Count
This panel, often referred to as a subset of the Complete Blood Count (CBC), evaluates the...
Final Diagnosis Panel By IHC
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a sophisticated diagnostic technique that uses antibodies to...
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell (WBC) crucial for the immune system, consisting...
Peripheral Smear
A Peripheral Smear (or Peripheral Blood Film) is a manual microscopic examination of a thi...
ALL Multiplex Panel
The ALL (Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia) Multiplex Panel is a specialized molecular diagnost...
Nitrite
The Nitrite test is a biochemical marker used during a Complete Urine Examination to scree...
Pus Culture & Sensitivity
A Pus Culture and Sensitivity test is used to identify the specific aerobic and facultativ...
Anaerobic Culture
Anaerobic cultures are designed to detect bacteria that can only survive in environments w...
Complete Urine Examination
The Complete Urine Examination (CUE), also known as Urinalysis, is a fundamental diagnosti...
Red Blood Cells (Microscopic)
The presence of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) in the urine, known as hematuria, is a critical fin...
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is an acute-phase reactant synthesized by the liver in response t...
Sputum for Culture & Sensitivity
The Sputum Culture and Sensitivity test is a critical diagnostic tool used to identify pat...
Pleural Fluid ADA Levels
Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism. It is primarily foun...
Ketones
Urine ketones are a product of fat metabolism, occurring when the body utilizes fat rather...
Ultrasound Complete Abdomen
This imaging study utilizes high-frequency sound waves to visualize the morphology, size, ...
Monocytes
In the context of a Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) differential count, monocytes are phagocytic...
Skin Clip for A.F.B. 4 Sites
The Skin Clip or Slit-Skin Smear (SSS) for Acid-Fast Bacilli (A.F.B.) is a specialized dia...
Antral Wash for Culture & Sensitivity
Antral Wash for Culture and Sensitivity is a diagnostic procedure where the maxillary sinu...
Procalcitonin (PCT)
Procalcitonin (PCT) is a peptide precursor of the hormone calcitonin. In healthy individua...
Lactate
Lactate (lactic acid) is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism, produced when cells do not r...
Urine for Culture & Sensitivity
The Urine Culture and Sensitivity (C&S) test is the gold standard for diagnosing Urinary T...
Urine For Occult Blood
The Urine Occult Blood test (often part of a dipstick urinalysis) is designed to detect th...
Ascitic Fluid For Culture And Sensitivity
This test involves the culturing of peritoneal fluid (ascites) accumulated in the abdomina...
CSF Differential Count
The Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Differential Count identifies and quantifies the various typ...
Operating Theatre Swabs (Anaerobic Culture)
This test involves culturing swabs taken from surgical environments (Operating Theatre) sp...
Urethral Swab Culture and Sensitivity
Urethral Swab Culture and Sensitivity is a diagnostic laboratory procedure used to identif...
Total Leucocyte Count (WBC)
The Total Leucocyte Count measures the total number of white blood cells (WBCs) per microl...
Urobilinogen - Urine
Urobilinogen is a colorless byproduct of bilirubin reduction. It is formed in the intestin...
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Antigen Detection
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a unique bacterium that lacks a cell wall, making it naturally re...
Fluid Chlorides
Chloride is a major extracellular anion that helps maintain osmotic pressure, acid-base ba...
White Blood Cell Count (WBC)
The WBC count measures the total number of leukocytes in the blood, which are the primary ...
Glucose (Ascitic Fluid)
In Ascitic Fluid analysis, glucose levels are compared to serum levels to help identify th...
Free Testosterone
Free Testosterone measures the amount of testosterone in the blood that is not bound to Se...
Tacrolimus Levels
Tacrolimus (Prograf) is a potent calcineurin inhibitor used as an immunosuppressant. It pr...
Casts
Casts are cylindrical structures formed in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duc...
CA 15-3
Cancer Antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) is a protein produced by normal breast cells. However, in ma...
Blood for Culture & Sensitivity (Radiometric)
Blood Culture and Sensitivity (Radiometric) is a sophisticated microbiological test design...
CSF ADA Levels
Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism. It is primarily foun...
Synovial Fluid for Gram Stain
The Synovial Fluid Gram Stain is a rapid diagnostic test used to identify the presence of ...
Appearance
The visual assessment of urine clarity is a fundamental part of a urinalysis. Normal urine...
Residual Volume (RV)
Residual Volume is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forceful, maximal exha...
Slit Skin Smear (2 Site)
The Slit Skin Smear (SSS) is a microscopic examination used to detect Acid-Fast Bacilli (A...
Drugs of Abuse 5-Panel (DOA 5)
The Drugs of Abuse 5-Panel (DOA 5) is a rapid screening test used to detect the presence o...
Total Proteins
The Total Protein test measures the cumulative amount of albumin and globulin in the blood...
T3 Uptake
T3 Uptake is an indirect measure of the available binding sites on Thyroxine-Binding Globu...
Prostatic Specific Antigen (Total)
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by both normal and malignant cells o...
Urethral Pus for Z.N. Stain
The Ziehl-Neelsen (Z.N.) stain, also known as the acid-fast stain, is a bacteriological co...
White Blood Cell Count (WBC)
The White Blood Cell (WBC) count measures the total number of leukocytes in the blood. As ...
Total White Blood Cell Count
Identical in clinical function to the WBC count, this measurement evaluates the total immu...
Liquid Biopsy EGFR
Liquid Biopsy for EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) is a non-invasive test that anal...
Sputum For Culture and Sensitivity
Sputum Culture and Sensitivity is a laboratory test used to detect and identify bacteria o...
Anti HBs Titres
The Anti-HBs (Hepatitis B Surface Antibody) test detects the presence and concentration of...
Lymphocytes (%)
This measures the percentage of total WBCs that are lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, and NK ...
HCV (Tridot)
The HCV (Tridot) test is a rapid visual antigen-antibody immunoassay used for the qualitat...
TB IgM
The TB IgM test is a serological assay designed to detect Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodie...
Leukocyte Esterase
Leukocyte Esterase is an enzyme produced by white blood cells (neutrophils). Its presence ...
MTB PCR Any Sample
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test is a molecular d...
Urine For AFB (3 Samples)
The Urine for AFB (Acid-Fast Bacilli) test is a specialized microbiological culture and mi...
TB Gold QuantiFERON
The QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) is an Interferon-Gamma Release Assay (IGRA). It measures the...
Total Count Differential Count (Tcdc-X)
The TCDC (Total Count and Differential Count) is a fundamental blood test that measures th...
Urethral Smear For Gram's Stain
A Gram's stain of a urethral smear is a rapid diagnostic tool used to identify the presenc...
White Blood Cells (Microscopic)
The microscopic evaluation of White Blood Cells (WBCs) in urine, known as pyuria, is a pri...
Slit Skin Smear (1 Site)
A Slit Skin Smear (SSS) is a specialized diagnostic procedure used to detect Acid-Fast Bac...
Fluid Proteins
Fluid protein analysis is a diagnostic procedure used to determine the concentration of to...
Semen for Culture and Sensitivity
The Semen Culture and Sensitivity test is a microbiological procedure used to detect and i...
Tb Platinum Igra, Blood
The Interferon-Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) is a modern blood test used to detect infection ...
Hepatitis A, B, C, & E, Profile
A Hepatitis profile is a comprehensive panel of blood tests designed to detect current or ...
Hemoglobin Electrophoresis
Hemoglobin electrophoresis is a blood test used to measure and identify the different type...
Serum Osmolality
Serum osmolality is a measure of the concentration of dissolved particles in the blood, pr...
Squamous Epithelial Cells (Urine)
Squamous epithelial cells are large, flat cells that line the outermost part of the urethr...
EGFR Gene Mutation Analysis
The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a protein on the surface of cells that help...
Fungal Culture and Sensitivity
A fungal culture is used to determine if a fungus is causing an infection in the skin, nai...
Urine Routine
A routine urinalysis (Urine Routine) is a fundamental diagnostic tool used to assess the c...
Fluid For C/S
The Culture and Sensitivity (C/S) test on body fluids is a critical microbiological proced...
Glycosylated Hb% (HbA1c)
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measures the percentage of hemoglobin that has glucose attached to ...
Hemoglobin C
Hemoglobin C is an abnormal variant of hemoglobin caused by a substitution in the beta-glo...
Neutrophils
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and serve as the primary respon...
Hiv 1&2 (Tri-Dot)
The HIV 1&2 Tri-Dot is a rapid visual test for the qualitative detection of antibodies to ...
Peripheral Blood Morphology
Peripheral Blood Morphology, often referred to as a peripheral blood smear, is a diagnosti...
Synovial Fluid For Culture And Sensitivity
The Synovial Fluid Culture and Sensitivity (C/S) test is a critical diagnostic procedure u...
CD3, CD4 & CD8 Count
The CD3, CD4, and CD8 panel measures the specific subsets of T-lymphocytes in the blood. C...
Absolute Monocyte Count
Monocytes are the largest type of white blood cell and serve as the precursors to macropha...
ER/PR IHC Markers
The Estrogen Receptor (ER) and Progesterone Receptor (PR) Immunohistochemistry (IHC) marke...
Sodium
Sodium is the primary extracellular cation and is essential for maintaining osmotic pressu...
Urethral Smear for Gram Stain
The Urethral Smear Gram Stain is a rapid diagnostic test used to identify bacteria in the ...
ECG With Report
An Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a non-invasive medical test that records the electric...
Ascitic Fluid For Proteins
Measuring protein levels in ascitic fluid (fluid buildup in the abdomen) is a critical ste...
Prothrombin Time
Prothrombin Time (PT) measures how long it takes for the liquid portion (plasma) of your b...
Ascitic Fluid Biochemical Analysis
Ascitic fluid biochemical analysis involves the laboratory evaluation of fluid accumulated...
Cyst Culture and Sensitivity
A Cyst Culture and Sensitivity test is performed to identify the presence of pathogenic mi...
BCR/ABL Quantitative PCR
The BCR-ABL1 quantitative test measures the amount of the BCR-ABL1 fusion transcript in th...
Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC)
The ANC measures the total number of neutrophils—the body's primary defense against bacter...
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell (WBC) essential for the immune system, comprisi...
Eye Swab For C/S (Left)
The Eye Swab for Culture and Sensitivity (C/S) is a microbiological procedure used to iden...
Neutrophils
Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cell type and act as the primary defense aga...
Semen Analysis
Semen analysis is the cornerstone of male fertility evaluation. It provides a comprehensiv...
Lymphocytes (Absolute Count)
Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell (WBC) crucial for the adaptive immune system, i...
Smear for AFB
The Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) smear is a rapid microscopic examination used to detect bacter...
Pleural Fluid Cytology
Pleural fluid cytology is a laboratory examination of the fluid surrounding the lungs (the...
White Blood Cell Count (WBC)
The WBC count measures the total number of leukocytes in the blood and is a primary marker...
17-Alpha Hydroxy Progesterone
17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) is a precursor hormone in the synthesis of cortisol. The e...
CSF Lymphocytes
This test measures the percentage of lymphocytes within the Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF). In ...
Hemoglobin, Total Count, Differential Count, and Platelet Count
This panel, often referred to as a Complete Blood Count (CBC) component, evaluates the thr...
White Blood Cell Count (WBC)
The WBC count measures the total number of leukocytes in the blood. In the context of a CO...
CSF For Grams Stain
The Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Gram Stain is a rapid laboratory test used to detect the pre...
Urobilinogen
Urobilinogen is a byproduct of bilirubin reduction by intestinal bacteria. In a Complete U...
Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
RDW measures the variation in the size (volume) of red blood cells (RBCs), a phenomenon kn...
TC & DC (Total Count & Differential Count)
The Total Count (TC) refers to the total number of White Blood Cells (WBCs/Leukocytes) in ...
Sputum for Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB)
The Sputum for Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) test is a primary diagnostic tool used to detect th...
Lithium
Lithium is a mood stabilizer primarily used for the long-term treatment of bipolar disorde...
AFB Culture & Sensitivity (Radiometric)
AFB (Acid-Fast Bacilli) Culture and Sensitivity is the gold standard for diagnosing infect...
H.C.V. ELISA
The HCV ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) is a screening test used to detect antib...
CSF For Culture & Sensitivity (Radiometric)
Culture and Sensitivity (C&S) of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) is used to identify the specifi...
RVAB DNA PCR
RVAB DNA PCR (often referring to a specific viral DNA such as Rotavirus DNA or a less comm...
CSF Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) in Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) is an enzyme released during cell...
BRCA 1 & 2 Gene Analysis
The BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BReast CAncer genes 1 and 2) are tumor suppressor genes. Their primar...
Hemoglobin, TC, DC, ESR & Platelet Count
This panel is a comprehensive hematological assessment. It includes Hemoglobin (Hb) for ox...
Neutrophils (%)
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and serve as the primary respon...
X-Ray Hysterosalpingogram
A Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) is a specialized fluoroscopic X-ray examination used primarily...
Urine For Microscopy
Urine microscopy is the physical examination of urine sediment under a microscope after ce...
Corneal Scraping For C/S
Corneal Scraping for Culture and Sensitivity (C/S) is a critical diagnostic procedure used...
Eye Swab For C/S (Right)
An eye swab for Culture and Sensitivity (C/S) involves collecting discharge or secretions ...
Fluid For Culture & Sensitivity (Radiometric)
A Culture and Sensitivity (C&S) test of body fluids (such as pleural, peritoneal, pericard...
Lymphocytes (DC)
Lymphocytes are a type of White Blood Cell (WBC) critical for the adaptive immune system. ...
Pre-Lunch Blood Sugar
Pre-Lunch Blood Sugar, also known as a pre-prandial glucose check, measures the concentrat...
BCR-ABL1 Translocation [t(9;22)]
The BCR-ABL1 fusion gene, resulting from the translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 (t...
Pleural Fluid - Biochemical Analysis
Biochemical analysis of pleural fluid is a comprehensive battery of tests performed on flu...
Slit Skin Smear (4 Site)
The Slit Skin Smear (SSS) is a specialized diagnostic test used primarily for the detectio...
Urine For Culture And Sensitivity
The Urine Culture and Sensitivity test is designed to identify specific bacteria or yeast ...
CD4 Absolute Count
The CD4 Absolute Count measures the number of CD4+ T-helper cells in the blood, which are ...
Skin Clip For AFB/Ear
The Skin Clip (or Slit-Skin Smear) for Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) is a specialized diagnostic...
Fluid For Cell Count / Celltype
Fluid analysis for cell count and differential (cell type) involves the microscopic examin...
Fibrinogen
Fibrinogen is a soluble plasma glycoprotein (Factor I) that is converted to fibrin by thro...
Complete Blood Count
The Complete Blood Count (CBC) is one of the most common and essential diagnostic tests in...
Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)
The Red Blood Cell (RBC) count measures the total number of erythrocytes in a microliter o...
Liquid Based Cytology
Liquid-Based Cytology (LBC) is a method of preparing cervical samples for examination unde...
Bronchial Washing for AFB
The Bronchial Washing for Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) test is a critical diagnostic tool used ...
Growth Hormone (HGH)
Human Growth Hormone (HGH), secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, is essential for gro...
Nail Scraping for C/S
Nail Scraping for Culture and Sensitivity (C/S) is the definitive method for identifying t...
Total White Blood Cell Count
The Total White Blood Cell (WBC) count measures the sum of all leukocytes in the blood, in...
LDL Cholesterol
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol. Its p...
Slit Skin Smear (3 Site)
The Slit Skin Smear (SSS) is a specialized diagnostic test used primarily for the detectio...
Indirect Coombs Test (Antibody Screen)
The Indirect Coombs Test, also known as the Indirect Antiglobulin Test (IAT), is primarily...
CSF Culture and Sensitivity
The Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Culture and Sensitivity (C/S) test is a critical diagnostic ...
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Ascitic Fluid
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) in ascitic fluid is a key marker used to differentiate between...
Swab for Culture and Sensitivity
The Swab Culture and Sensitivity test is designed to isolate and identify infectious micro...
Fluid Biochemical Analysis
Fluid Biochemical Analysis involves the chemical examination of fluids accumulated in body...
BCR-ABL Gene Rearrangement
The BCR-ABL test detects a specific genetic abnormality known as the Philadelphia chromoso...
Urine for AFB Culture and Sensitivity
The Urine for AFB (Acid-Fast Bacilli) Culture and Sensitivity test is designed to identify...
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is an acute-phase reactant protein produced by the liver. Its lev...
Neutrophils (Absolute)
The Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) measures the actual number of neutrophils—the most abu...
White Blood Cells (Semen)
In the context of a Semen Analysis, the presence of White Blood Cells (WBCs), specifically...
Nasal Discharge For Culture and Sensitivity
The Nasal Culture and Sensitivity (C/S) test is designed to identify pathogenic bacteria o...
Anti-SSB (La)
Anti-SSB (La) antibodies are autoantibodies directed against small ribonucleoproteins. The...
Synovial Fluid For ADA Levels
Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism. It is primarily foun...
Vaginal Swab For Culture and Sensitivity
The Vaginal Culture and Sensitivity test identifies pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, y...
CLL Flow Cytometry
Flow Cytometry is a sophisticated biophysical technology used to analyze the physical and ...
Testosterone
Testosterone is the primary androgenic steroid hormone. In males, it is mainly produced in...
Pus Cells (Leukocytes) in Stool
The presence of Pus Cells (Leukocytes) in a stool sample is a significant indicator of int...
H.I.V. ELISA
The HIV ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) is a screening test designed to detect a...
Total IgE (Immunoglobulin E)
The Total IgE test measures the overall concentration of IgE antibodies in the blood. IgE ...
CSF for Cytology
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Cytology is a specialized laboratory examination used to identif...
Neutrophils (CSF)
Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell (WBC). In the context of a CSF Differential Cou...
Urine Color
The color of urine is a primary physical characteristic evaluated during a Urine Routine e...
Urethral Pus for Culture and Sensitivity
The Urethral Pus Culture and Sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify t...
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
AST is an enzyme found in high concentrations in the liver, heart, and skeletal muscle. In...
Skin Clip For A.F.B. (Acid-Fast Bacilli)
An Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) skin clip or slit-skin smear is a specialized microbiological t...
Basic Kidney Profile
The Basic Kidney Profile (often referred to as Renal Function Test) measures key electroly...
Fluid Glucose
In the context of Fluid Biochemical Analysis (e.g., pleural, peritoneal, or pericardial fl...
Blood (Hemoglobin)
This component of a Complete Urine Examination detects the presence of red blood cells (he...
Pandy's Test
Pandy’s test is a bedside qualitative diagnostic test used to detect elevated levels of pr...
Blood Urea Nitrogen
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) measures the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood. Urea is a was...
Leptospira ELISA
The Leptospira ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) is a serological test designed to...
HE4 (Human Epididymis Protein 4)
Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4) is a glycoprotein primarily used as a tumor marker for mo...
CLL Flow Cytometry
Flow Cytometry is a sophisticated laboratory technique used to identify and characterize c...
Urine Glucose
The presence of glucose in the urine (glycosuria) occurs when the blood glucose level exce...
India Ink Preparation
India Ink Preparation is a rapid microscopic diagnostic test used primarily to identify th...
Cytology
Cytology is the branch of pathology that examines individual cells or small groups of cell...
Fluid For AFB Staining
Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) staining is a laboratory technique used to identify bacteria that ...
Absolute Eosinophil Count
The Absolute Eosinophil Count (AEC) calculates the actual number of eosinophils per unit o...
Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
RDW is a numerical measure of the variation in size (volume) of red blood cells, a conditi...
Total Leukocyte Count (WBC)
The Total Leukocyte Count measures the sum of all white blood cell subtypes (neutrophils, ...
Complement - 3
The Complement C3 test measures the amount of C3 protein in the blood. C3 is a central com...
TB IgG
The TB IgG test detects Immunoglobulin G antibodies produced by the immune system in respo...
Need Help?
Symptoms can be confusing. Get a professional opinion on your lab reports or symptoms from Dr. Binoy.
Consult Dr. BinoyMedically Reviewed by Dr. Binoy Babu, MBBS
Board Certified Doctor • 10+ Years Clinical Experience
Dr. Babu is a practicing physician dedicated to empowering patients with clear, actionable medical information. He founded 2opi to bridge the gap between complex lab reports and patient understanding, ensuring everyone has access to a reliable second opinion.
Get Notified When Dr. Babu Is Available