Autoimmune Diseases
An autoimmune disease is a condition in which your immune system mistakenly attacks your body. The immune system normally guards against germs like bacteria and viruses.
Common Symptoms
- Fatigue
- Joint pain and swelling
- Skin problems
- Abdominal pain or digestive issues
- Recurring fever
- Swollen glands
Clinical Sources
- Autoimmune Diseases: Types, Symptoms & TreatmentsCleveland Clinic
Diagnostic Lab Tests
Tests commonly used to diagnose or monitor Autoimmune Diseases:
Specific IgE - Lidocaine
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodie...
Specific IgE - Peanut
Measures IgE antibodies specific to peanut allergens (e.g., Ara h 1, 2, 3). Peanut allergy...
Thyroid Function Panel (Free T3, Free T4, TSH)
The Thyroid Function Panel is a comprehensive group of tests used to evaluate the health a...
Urine Sodium
Sodium is the primary extracellular electrolyte responsible for maintaining osmotic pressu...
24-Hour Urine Albumin
Albumin is a major protein found in the blood. In healthy kidneys, the filtering units (gl...
Interleukin 6
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a versatile pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by various cells, i...
Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
The presence of intact Red Blood Cells in a stool sample (microscopic examination) indicat...
Anti-dsDNA
Anti-dsDNA antibodies are a subset of Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) that specifically targe...
Anti Nuclear Antibodies (ELISA)
Anti-Nuclear Antibodies (ANA) are a group of autoantibodies produced by the immune system ...
Blood Grouping and Rh Typing
Blood Grouping and Rh Typing is a foundational test used to identify a person's blood type...
CSF Albumin
Albumin is not produced in the central nervous system; therefore, its presence in the Cere...
Total Leukocyte Count
The Total Leukocyte Count (WBC count) measures the total number of white blood cells in a ...
Fluid Cholesterol
Fluid Cholesterol measurement is utilized in Fluid Biochemical Analysis to differentiate b...
Pleural Fluid for Cell Count & Cell Type
The pleural space is a thin, fluid-filled area between the two layers of the pleura (visce...
Gamma Globulin
Gamma globulins represent the fraction of serum proteins that primarily contain immunoglob...
Postprandial Glucose
Postprandial glucose measures the level of sugar in the blood specifically after a meal (u...
Anti-dsDNA Antibodies
Anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies are a type of antinuclear antibody (ANA) ...
Rheumatoid Factor IgG (ELISA)
Rheumatoid Factor (RF) is an autoantibody—an antibody directed against the body's own tiss...
Sputum for RBC
The Sputum for Red Blood Cells (RBC) test is a microscopic examination of expectorated phl...
HIV Proviral DNA PCR
The HIV Proviral DNA PCR test detects the genetic material of the HIV-1 virus that has bee...
HSV 1 & 2 IgM
The Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 1 and 2 IgM test detects immunoglobulin M antibodies, which...
Anti-Sm Antibody (ELISA)
The Anti-Sm (Anti-Smith) antibody test is a highly specific serological marker used primar...
TSH Receptor Antibody
TSH Receptor Antibodies (TRAb) are autoantibodies that bind to the thyroid-stimulating hor...
Specific IgE - Soy
This component measures IgE antibodies against soy (Glycine max) proteins. Within a compre...
Discharge From Nipple For Culture And Sensitivity
This test involves collecting fluid discharged from the nipple to identify pathogenic bact...
Allergy Profile (Veg) + Total IgE
This panel combines a Total IgE measurement with specific IgE tests for a variety of plant...
Peanut Specific IgE
This measures the concentration of IgE antibodies directed specifically against peanut pro...
Stool for Fat Globulins
The Stool for Fat Globulins test, often referred to as a qualitative fecal fat microscopic...
Serum Bicarbonate
Serum Bicarbonate (HCO3-) is a vital electrolyte and a critical component of the body's bu...
Specific IgE - Tomato
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific IgE antibodies directed against ...
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
ESR is a non-specific marker of systemic inflammation. It measures the rate at which red b...
Audiometry Test
Audiometry is a non-invasive diagnostic test used to measure a person's ability to hear so...
Rubella Virus IgG Antibody
This test measures the level of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to the Rubella virus. Wi...
Pleural Fluid LDH
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme involved in energy production found in almost all...
Eosinophils
Eosinophils are a specialized type of white blood cell (leukocyte) primarily involved in t...
Total Leucocyte Count (TC)
The Total Leucocyte Count (TLC) measures the total number of white blood cells (WBCs) in a...
VLDL Cholesterol
Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) is a type of lipoprotein produced by the liver to tran...
Fluid Glucose
Fluid Glucose testing measures the level of sugar in body fluids other than blood, most co...
Cow's Milk Specific IgE
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodie...
1-Hour Post-Load Glucose
Part of the Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT), this measures the blood sugar level exactly 60 m...
Liver Cytosol Type 1 (LC-1) Antibody
The LC-1 antibody is a specific serological marker for Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) Type 2. ...
Neutrophils (DC)
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of White Blood Cell (WBC) and serve as the primary ...
MMR Profile (Measles, Mumps, Rubella)
The MMR Profile measures the presence of IgG antibodies against three viral infections: Me...
Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (pCO2)
pCO2 is a measurement of the pressure of carbon dioxide dissolved in arterial blood. It se...
Urine For Albumin
Albumin is a protein typically found in high concentrations in the blood. In healthy kidne...
CSF Glucose
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Glucose is analyzed to diagnose central nervous system (CNS) pat...
VDRL Test
The Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test is a screening tool used to detect an...
Small Biopsy
A small biopsy involves the removal of a tiny piece of tissue from the body for microscopi...
Specific IgE - Cefaclor (Cephalosporin)
This test measures the concentration of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies directed specifi...
Adenoid Tissue For Culture And Sensitivity
The adenoids are a patch of lymphoid tissue located high in the throat, just behind the no...
Vitamin D (25-Hydroxy)
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that functions more like a pro-hormone in the body. The...
Pleural Fluid For Culture And Sensitivity
The pleural space is the thin gap between the lungs and the chest wall, containing a small...
Serum Uric Acid
Uric acid is a waste product created when the body breaks down purines—natural substances ...
Anti-Centromere B
Anti-Centromere B antibodies target proteins associated with the centromere of chromosomes...
TB IgM, IgG, IgA
The TB Serology test measures the levels of different antibodies (IgM, IgG, and IgA) produ...
Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
Rheumatoid Factor (RF) is an autoantibody—an antibody directed against the body's own tiss...
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) crucial for the adaptive immune sys...
ANA Profile (ENA Panel - Qualitative)
The ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) Profile, specifically the ENA (Extractable Nuclear Antigen)...
L.E. Cells (Lupus Erythematosus Cells)
The L.E. Cell test is a historical laboratory procedure used to detect Systemic Lupus Eryt...
Anti-Scl-70
Anti-Scl-70 (anti-topoisomerase I) is an autoantibody found in the serum of patients with ...
Triglycerides
Measuring triglycerides in ascitic fluid is the definitive method for identifying 'chylous...
CSF Lactate
CSF Lactate is a biomarker used to differentiate between bacterial and viral meningitis. L...
Specific IgE - Egg White
This test measures the concentration of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies directed specifi...
Dual Marker
The Dual Marker test (also known as the First Trimester Screening) is a predictive blood t...
CD3+ Absolute Count
CD3 is a protein complex and T-cell co-receptor that is present on all mature T-lymphocyte...
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) is a common hematology test that measures how qui...
Toxoplasma PCR
The Toxoplasma PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) test is a molecular diagnostic tool used to...
BRAF V600 Mutation Analysis
The BRAF gene provides instructions for making a protein that helps transmit chemical sign...
Peanut (Specific IgE)
This test measures the concentration of Specific Immunoglobulin E (sIgE) antibodies to pea...
Rheumatoid Factor (RA Factor)
Rheumatoid Factor (RF) is an autoantibody, specifically an immunoglobulin (usually IgM) th...
Measles Virus IgG Antibody
The Measles IgG test detects antibodies that indicate long-term immunity to the Rubeola vi...
Allergy Profile Without Drugs
The Allergy Profile Without Drugs is a panel of blood tests that measures the concentratio...
Anti Cardiolipin AB-Profile
Anti-cardiolipin antibodies are autoantibodies directed against cardiolipin, a phospholipi...
HLA B27
The HLA-B27 (Human Leukocyte Antigen B27) is a specific protein, known as a class I surfac...
Specific IgE - Codfish
This test measures the level of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in the...
Fibrinogen
Fibrinogen, also known as Factor I, is a soluble plasma glycoprotein synthesized in the li...
Hb, Tc, Dc & Esr
This profile is a baseline hematological screen consisting of Hemoglobin (Hb), Total Count...
Sperm Morphology (Normal Forms)
Sperm morphology is an evaluation of the size and shape of sperm cells as part of a semen ...
HBeAg
HBeAg (Hepatitis B e-Antigen) is a soluble protein that is a byproduct of Hepatitis B Viru...
Skin Clipping (3 Sites)
A skin clipping test involves taking small pieces of the stratum corneum (the outermost la...
Semen Volume
Semen volume measures the total amount of ejaculate produced. It is a critical component o...
Ascitic Fluid Total Protein
This test measures the concentration of protein in fluid accumulated in the abdominal cavi...
Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
The Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) test measures the time it takes for a blood clot to ...
Hepatitis A Virus IgM
The Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) IgM test is a serological assay used to detect IgM antibodies ...
Soluble Liver Antigen (SLA) Antibody
The SLA antibody is a highly specific marker for Type 1 Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH). While ...
Pleural Fluid for Rheumatoid Factor
This test measures the concentration of Rheumatoid Factor (RF)—an autoantibody—within the ...
Urine For Urea
Urea is the primary nitrogenous waste product of protein catabolism in humans. Produced in...
CSF Biochemical Analysis
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless liquid that bathes the brain and spinal co...
LE Cell
The Lupus Erythematosus (LE) cell is a neutrophil or macrophage that has ingested the dena...
2-Hour Post-Prandial Blood Sugar (PPBS)
The 2-Hour Post-Prandial Blood Sugar (PPBS) test measures the body's ability to metabolize...
Toxoplasma IgG
The Toxoplasma IgG test is a serological assay used to detect antibodies against Toxoplasm...
Monocytes
Monocytes are the largest type of white blood cell (leukocyte) and are key components of t...
Urine Protein / Creatinine Ratio
The Urine Protein/Creatinine Ratio (UPCR) is a diagnostic tool used to estimate the amount...
Anti-Jo-1 Antibody
The Anti-Jo-1 antibody targets histidyl-tRNA synthetase and is a hallmark marker within th...
COVID-19 - Antibody
The COVID-19 Antibody test (also known as a serology test) looks for antibodies (IgG, IgM,...
Ferritin
Ferritin is a universal intracellular protein that stores iron and releases it in a contro...
Sputum for Gram Stain
A Sputum Gram Stain is a laboratory test used to detect the presence of bacteria in a samp...
Serum CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen)
Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) is a glycoprotein involved in cell adhesion. It is normally...
Fluid For Hydatid Scolices
This laboratory examination involves the microscopic analysis of cystic fluid—typically ob...
Protein Creatinine Ratio
The Protein Creatinine Ratio (PCR) is a diagnostic tool used to estimate the amount of pro...
Phospholipid Screen IgG, IgM
The Phospholipid Screen (specifically Cardiolipin antibodies) detects autoantibodies produ...
Wheat Specific IgE
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodie...
COVID RT PCR
The COVID-19 Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test is the 'gold st...
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol
LDL Cholesterol, often termed 'bad' cholesterol, is a primary component of the lipid profi...
Anti Tissue Transglutaminase IgA (Anti-TTG IgA)
The Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase (tTG) IgA test is the primary screening blood test for Ce...
Mumps Virus IgG Antibody
The Mumps Virus IgG (Immunoglobulin G) test is used to determine immune status against the...
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a critical rol...
Audiometric Test
An Audiometric Test is a non-invasive diagnostic procedure used to evaluate an individual'...
Post Dinner Blood Sugar
The Post Dinner (Postprandial) Blood Sugar test measures the level of glucose in the blood...
Anti-CCP Antibody
The Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide (Anti-CCP) antibody test detects autoantibodies prod...
Specific IgE - Milk
This test measures the concentration of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies specific to cow'...
Urine Uric Acid
Uric acid is the end-product of the metabolic breakdown of purines, which are nitrogenous ...
Synovial Fluid For AFB
This test involves the microscopic examination (smear) and culture of synovial fluid (join...
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)
The Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) is a functional measure of the 'intrinsic...
HSV 1 IgM
The HSV 1 IgM test is a serological assay used to detect Immunoglobulin M antibodies again...
Specific IgE - Penicillin V
Penicillin V specific IgE testing is a diagnostic tool for identifying drug-induced Type I...
White Blood Cells (Microscopic)
The presence of White Blood Cells (WBCs) in urine, known as pyuria, is a primary indicator...
Differential Count
The Differential Count (or WBC Diff) measures the percentage and absolute number of each t...
GIST Mutation Analysis Exon 9 & Exon 11
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the dige...
Thyroid Function Test
The Thyroid Function Test (TFT) is a panel of blood tests used to evaluate how well the th...
Serum Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) is an essential nutrient required for proper red blood cell format...
Arthritis Basic Screen
The Arthritis Basic Screen is a multi-parameter diagnostic tool designed to detect systemi...
Wound Pus for Culture and Sensitivity
A Wound Culture and Sensitivity test is a laboratory procedure used to identify the specif...
Smooth Muscle Antibody (ASMA)
ASMA is an autoantibody directed against the cytoskeleton of smooth muscle cells (primaril...
Shrimp Specific IgE
This test measures the concentration of IgE antibodies specifically directed against shrim...
pH (Ascitic Fluid)
The pH of ascitic fluid is a critical marker in Ascitic Fluid Biochemical Analysis, primar...
Allergy Profile (Veg, Non-Veg, Inhalants) + Total IgE
This comprehensive allergy profile measures the level of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies...
CD4 Count
The CD4 count is a test that measures the number of CD4 T-lymphocytes (helper T cells) in ...
Anti Thyroglobulin Antibodies
Anti-Thyroglobulin (Anti-Tg) antibodies are autoantibodies produced by the immune system t...
Aspergillus IgE
The Aspergillus IgE test measures the level of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in the bl...
Toxoplasma IgM
Toxoplasma IgM is an antibody produced by the immune system in response to an acute infect...
Karyotyping Analysis
Karyotyping Analysis is a cytogenetic test used to examine the full complement of chromoso...
Hemoglobin, Total Count, Differential Count
This panel, often referred to as a subset of the Complete Blood Count (CBC), evaluates the...
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell (WBC) crucial for the immune system, consisting...
Serum Electrolytes
Electrolytes are electrically charged minerals found in your blood and other body fluids. ...
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), also known as thyrotropin, is produced by the anterior ...
Pus Culture & Sensitivity
A Pus Culture and Sensitivity test is used to identify the specific aerobic and facultativ...
Anaerobic Culture
Anaerobic cultures are designed to detect bacteria that can only survive in environments w...
Pre-Dinner Blood Sugar
Pre-dinner blood sugar (or pre-prandial glucose) measures the amount of glucose circulatin...
Kidney Biopsy Panel 1
A Kidney Biopsy Panel involves the microscopic examination of renal tissue, typically usin...
Complete Urine Examination
The Complete Urine Examination (CUE), also known as Urinalysis, is a fundamental diagnosti...
X-Ray
An X-ray (radiograph) is a non-invasive medical test that uses ionizing radiation to produ...
Red Blood Cells (Microscopic)
The presence of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) in the urine, known as hematuria, is a critical fin...
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is an acute-phase reactant synthesized by the liver in response t...
CSF Total Protein
The CSF Total Protein measurement is a cornerstone of CSF Biochemical Analysis. Normally, ...
Pleural Fluid ADA Levels
Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism. It is primarily foun...
HSV 1 & 2 DNA Qualitative PCR
The Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 1 & 2 DNA Qualitative PCR test uses Polymerase Chain Reacti...
Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Bicarbonate is a vital byproduct of the body's metabolism and acts as a buffer to maintain...
Acetylcholine Receptor (AChR) Antibody
The Acetylcholine Receptor (AChR) antibody test is a blood assay used to identify autoanti...
Antral Wash for Culture & Sensitivity
Antral Wash for Culture and Sensitivity is a diagnostic procedure where the maxillary sinu...
Lactate
Lactate (lactic acid) is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism, produced when cells do not r...
Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) Screen
The ANA Screen is a fundamental test for detecting autoantibodies that target the nucleus ...
Urine for Culture & Sensitivity
The Urine Culture and Sensitivity (C&S) test is the gold standard for diagnosing Urinary T...
Operating Theatre Swabs (Anaerobic Culture)
This test involves culturing swabs taken from surgical environments (Operating Theatre) sp...
Free Triiodothyronine (FT3)
Triiodothyronine (T3) is one of the two major hormones produced by the thyroid gland. Whil...
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (TPOAb)
Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) is an enzyme normally found in the thyroid gland that plays a cru...
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Antigen Detection
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a unique bacterium that lacks a cell wall, making it naturally re...
Pulmonary Function Test
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) are a non-invasive group of tests that measure how well th...
Platelet Count
Platelets, or thrombocytes, are small cell fragments in the blood that are essential for n...
Anti-Cardiolipin Antibody, IgG
Anti-Cardiolipin (aCL) IgG is an autoantibody directed against phospholipids. It is a core...
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
ESR measures the distance red blood cells fall in a tube over one hour. In an Arthritis Ba...
Pleural Fluid Proteins
Pleural fluid protein measurement is used to evaluate the composition of fluid accumulated...
Sperm Concentration
Sperm Concentration is the number of spermatozoa per unit volume of semen. As a part of th...
Fluid Chlorides
Chloride is a major extracellular anion that helps maintain osmotic pressure, acid-base ba...
Allergy Profile With Drugs
The Allergy Profile for Drugs measures the levels of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (I...
Glucose (Ascitic Fluid)
In Ascitic Fluid analysis, glucose levels are compared to serum levels to help identify th...
Free Testosterone
Free Testosterone measures the amount of testosterone in the blood that is not bound to Se...
Specific IgE - Wheat
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodie...
Anti-Cardiolipin Antibody, IgA
Anti-Cardiolipin (aCL) IgA is an autoantibody associated with Antiphospholipid Syndrome (A...
Anti Phospholipid Antibody
Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies (APA) are autoantibodies that mistakenly target the body's ow...
Tacrolimus Levels
Tacrolimus (Prograf) is a potent calcineurin inhibitor used as an immunosuppressant. It pr...
Beta 2 Microglobulin
Beta-2 Microglobulin (B2M) is a protein found on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells...
Tomato Specific IgE
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodie...
Cardiolipin Antibody, IgG
Cardiolipin IgG is one of the primary autoantibodies tested for Antiphospholipid Syndrome ...
Specific IgE - Penicillin G
This test detects IgE antibodies against the major/minor determinants of Penicillin G. It ...
Serum Ferritin
Ferritin is a blood protein that contains iron. It is the primary way your body stores iro...
Marijuana Metabolite (THC)
This test measures the primary inactive metabolite of Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), specific...
Synovial Fluid for Gram Stain
The Synovial Fluid Gram Stain is a rapid diagnostic test used to identify the presence of ...
Anti-HBc IgM
Anti-HBc IgM is the IgM antibody to the Hepatitis B core antigen. Unlike the IgG antibody,...
Drugs of Abuse 5-Panel (DOA 5)
The Drugs of Abuse 5-Panel (DOA 5) is a rapid screening test used to detect the presence o...
Total Proteins
The Total Protein test measures the cumulative amount of albumin and globulin in the blood...
Erythrocytes
Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) in the Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) are not normally present. ...
HSV 2 IgG
The HSV 2 IgG test is a blood test used to detect type-specific antibodies against the Her...
Liquid Biopsy EGFR
Liquid Biopsy for EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) is a non-invasive test that anal...
Random Blood Sugar
Random Blood Sugar (RBS) measures the amount of glucose circulating in the blood at any gi...
Anti HBs Titres
The Anti-HBs (Hepatitis B Surface Antibody) test detects the presence and concentration of...
Lymphocytes (%)
This measures the percentage of total WBCs that are lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, and NK ...
HCV (Tridot)
The HCV (Tridot) test is a rapid visual antigen-antibody immunoassay used for the qualitat...
TB IgM
The TB IgM test is a serological assay designed to detect Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodie...
Absolute Eosinophil Count
Eosinophils are a specialized type of white blood cell (leukocyte) that play a dual role i...
Total Count Differential Count (Tcdc-X)
The TCDC (Total Count and Differential Count) is a fundamental blood test that measures th...
Pdgfra Mutation Analysis - Gist (Qualitative)
This molecular test analyzes the PDGFRA (Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha) ge...
Beta-2 Glycoprotein I Antibody, IgG
Beta-2 Glycoprotein I (β2GPI) antibodies are a subset of antiphospholipid antibodies. The ...
Specific IgE - Sulfamethoxazole
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific IgE antibodies to Sulfamethoxazo...
Fluid Proteins
Fluid protein analysis is a diagnostic procedure used to determine the concentration of to...
HEV IgM
The Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) IgM test is a serological assay used to detect Immunoglobulin ...
HLA B 27 Disease Association PCR
HLA-B27 (Human Leukocyte Antigen B27) is a specific surface antigen found on white blood c...
Total Sperm Number
Total Sperm Number represents the total count of spermatozoa in the entire volume of the e...
Specific IgE - Potato
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodie...
Fluid Total Protein
Fluid Total Protein is a critical parameter in the biochemical analysis of effusions (pleu...
Serum Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) is secreted by the four parathyroid glands located in the neck. ...
Mutton (Lamb) Specific IgE
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific IgE antibodies in the serum dire...
CD4+ Percentage
The CD4+ percentage represents the proportion of total lymphocytes that are T-helper cells...
Cardiolipin Antibody, IgM
Cardiolipin IgM antibodies are autoantibodies directed against phospholipids in the mitoch...
Anti-SSA (Ro) Antibody
Anti-SSA (Ro) is an Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA) antibody commonly associated with Sj...
HSV 2 IgM
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) is the primary cause of genital herpes. The IgM test i...
EGFR Gene Mutation Analysis
The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a protein on the surface of cells that help...
Specific IgE - Amoxicillin
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodie...
Fluid For C/S
The Culture and Sensitivity (C/S) test on body fluids is a critical microbiological proced...
HBV DNA PCR Viral Load
The HBV DNA PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) test is a highly sensitive molecular assay tha...
Hiv 1&2 (Tri-Dot)
The HIV 1&2 Tri-Dot is a rapid visual test for the qualitative detection of antibodies to ...
Rheumatoid Factor (IgG and IgM)
Rheumatoid Factor (RF) is an autoantibody, an immune system protein that mistakenly attack...
Direct Coombs Test
The Direct Coombs Test, also known as the Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT), is used to deter...
Biopsy (Large Tissue)
A 'Large Biopsy' refers to the histopathological examination of a significant portion of t...
Bermuda Grass Specific IgE
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodie...
Synovial Fluid For Culture And Sensitivity
The Synovial Fluid Culture and Sensitivity (C/S) test is a critical diagnostic procedure u...
Liquefaction Time
During a Semen Analysis, the liquefaction time evaluates the enzymatic process required fo...
KRAS Gene Analysis
The KRAS gene analysis looks for mutations in the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homol...
Soybean Specific IgE
This test measures the concentration of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies directed specifi...
ER/PR IHC Markers
The Estrogen Receptor (ER) and Progesterone Receptor (PR) Immunohistochemistry (IHC) marke...
Anti-Cardiolipin Antibody, IgM
Anti-Cardiolipin (aCL) IgM antibodies are a primary component of the Antiphospholipid Synd...
Serum Insulin
Insulin is a vital hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas. Its primary role is...
Base Excess (BE)
Base Excess (BE) measures the deviation of the actual bicarbonate concentration from the n...
Egg White (Specific IgE)
Egg white is one of the most common food allergens, especially in children. This test meas...
Rh Antibody Titre
The Rh Antibody Titre test measures the concentration of antibodies against the Rh factor ...
Complement C4
Complement C4 is a protein that is part of the body's complement system, a complex group o...
Occult Blood (FOBT)
The Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) is a biochemical analysis used to detect the presence o...
CD4 & CD8 Count
This test measures the number of CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocytes in the blood. CD4 cells, often ...
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a surrogate marker for body fatness based on an individual's mass...
Ascitic Fluid Biochemical Analysis
Ascitic fluid biochemical analysis involves the laboratory evaluation of fluid accumulated...
Cyst Culture and Sensitivity
A Cyst Culture and Sensitivity test is performed to identify the presence of pathogenic mi...
CSF Chloride
Chloride levels in the Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) generally mirror those in the blood plasm...
TPO Antibodies
Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) is an enzyme normally found in the thyroid gland that plays a cru...
BCR/ABL FISH
The BCR/ABL FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) test is a cytogenetic analysis used ...
Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)
PEF measures the maximum speed of expiration. It is a vital component of a Pulmonary Funct...
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell (WBC) essential for the immune system, comprisi...
Semen Analysis
Semen analysis is the cornerstone of male fertility evaluation. It provides a comprehensiv...
HCV IgM
The HCV IgM test detects Immunoglobulin M antibodies against the Hepatitis C virus. IgM is...
Pleural Fluid Cytology
Pleural fluid cytology is a laboratory examination of the fluid surrounding the lungs (the...
Globulin
Globulins are a diverse group of proteins in the blood that play vital roles in liver func...
Scrub Typhus (IgM/IgG)
This test detects antibodies (IgM and IgG) against Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative b...
Total IgE
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is an antibody linked to allergic reactions and defense against par...
Anti-Sm (Smith) Antibody
Anti-Sm is an autoantibody directed against core proteins of small nuclear ribonucleoprote...
Chromogranin A
Chromogranin A (CgA) is a protein found inside neuroendocrine cells. These specialized cel...
Specific IgE - Chickpea
This test measures the concentration of IgE antibodies specific to chickpea (Cicer arietin...
Serum Haptoglobulin
Haptoglobin is a protein produced by the liver that functions as a scavenger for free hemo...
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is a glycoprotein produced by the anterior pituitary gla...
Urine Microalbumin
The Urine Microalbumin test measures very small amounts of albumin, a protein typically fo...
Specific IgE - Soybean
This test measures the concentration of IgE antibodies in the blood specifically directed ...
Opiates
This assay screens for the presence of natural opiates, primarily morphine and codeine, in...
CD8+ Percentage
The CD8+ percentage measures the proportion of T-lymphocytes that are cytotoxic T cells. T...
Anti HBe Antibodies
The Anti-HBe (Hepatitis B e-antibody) test detects antibodies produced by the body against...
Western Blot
The Western Blot is a highly specific confirmatory test used to detect specific proteins (...
Anti-RNP
Anti-Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) antibodies are a type of Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA). T...
Specific IgE - Cow's Milk
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodie...
Fluid pH
Measurement of pH in body fluids (most commonly pleural fluid) is a critical diagnostic to...
Specific IgE - Insulin (Human)
This test detects IgE antibodies specifically reactive to human insulin. While modern reco...
RVAB DNA PCR
RVAB DNA PCR (often referring to a specific viral DNA such as Rotavirus DNA or a less comm...
Radical Specimen
A 'Radical Specimen' refers to a large tissue sample obtained through radical surgery (e.g...
BRCA 1 & 2 Gene Analysis
The BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BReast CAncer genes 1 and 2) are tumor suppressor genes. Their primar...
Hemoglobin, TC, DC, ESR & Platelet Count
This panel is a comprehensive hematological assessment. It includes Hemoglobin (Hb) for ox...
Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
Rheumatoid Factor (RF) is an autoantibody (most commonly IgM) directed against the Fc port...
EGFR Mutation Analysis
The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a protein on the surface of cells that help...
Allergy Profile (Veg+Non-Veg) + Total IgE
This comprehensive panel measures specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies against a var...
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
Lactate Dehydrogenase is an intracellular enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of lactate ...
Fluid For Culture & Sensitivity (Radiometric)
A Culture and Sensitivity (C&S) test of body fluids (such as pleural, peritoneal, pericard...
Lymphocytes (DC)
Lymphocytes are a type of White Blood Cell (WBC) critical for the adaptive immune system. ...
Eosinophils
Eosinophils are specialized granulocytes that play a dual role in the immune system: they ...
Adenosine Deaminase (ADA), Ascitic Fluid
Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism, primarily produced b...
HIV Viral Load
The HIV Viral Load test measures the amount of HIV-1 RNA (genetic material) in the blood. ...
Pre-Lunch Blood Sugar
Pre-Lunch Blood Sugar, also known as a pre-prandial glucose check, measures the concentrat...
Pleural Fluid for Amylase
The Pleural Fluid Amylase test measures the concentration of the enzyme amylase within the...
Pleural Fluid - Biochemical Analysis
Biochemical analysis of pleural fluid is a comprehensive battery of tests performed on flu...
Specific IgE - Ampicillin
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific IgE antibodies to Ampicillin in ...
Urine For Culture And Sensitivity
The Urine Culture and Sensitivity test is designed to identify specific bacteria or yeast ...
Anti HAV Antibodies
The Anti-HAV (Hepatitis A Virus) antibody test detects the presence of antibodies produced...
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) is a non-specific marker of systemic inflammation...
Fluid For Cell Count / Celltype
Fluid analysis for cell count and differential (cell type) involves the microscopic examin...
Chicken Meat (Specific IgE)
This test measures specific IgE antibodies against proteins found in chicken meat. Within ...
Ki-67 IHC Marker
The Ki-67 protein is a cellular marker strictly associated with cell proliferation. It is ...
Fluid Triglycerides
This test measures triglyceride concentration in aspirated body fluids (pleural, ascitic, ...
Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Serum
IgG is the most abundant antibody in the serum. In an Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) Panel, Ig...
Orange
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific IgE antibodies against Orange (C...
Growth Hormone (HGH)
Human Growth Hormone (HGH), secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, is essential for gro...
Uric Acid
Uric Acid is the metabolic byproduct of purine degradation. In an Arthritis Basic Screen, ...
Indirect Coombs Test (Antibody Screen)
The Indirect Coombs Test, also known as the Indirect Antiglobulin Test (IAT), is primarily...
Oxygen Saturation (SaO2)
SaO2, measured via Arterial Blood Gas (ABG), represents the percentage of hemoglobin bindi...
Total Triiodothyronine (T3)
Triiodothyronine (T3) is one of the two major hormones produced by the thyroid gland. Whil...
Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) Screen
The ANA Screen is a fundamental screening test for Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases ...
Fluid Biochemical Analysis
Fluid Biochemical Analysis involves the chemical examination of fluids accumulated in body...
Serum Magnesium
Magnesium is a vital intracellular cation involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions in the ...
CD4/CD8 Ratio
The CD4/CD8 ratio is a calculated value measuring the balance between T-helper cells (CD4)...
Antimitochondrial Antibody (AMA)
Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) are highly specific biomarkers primarily used in the di...
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is an acute-phase reactant protein produced by the liver. Its lev...
Lupus Anticoagulant
The Lupus Anticoagulant (LA) test is a functional assay used to detect specific autoantibo...
White Blood Cells (Semen)
In the context of a Semen Analysis, the presence of White Blood Cells (WBCs), specifically...
Blood Pressure
Blood pressure (BP) measures the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries....
Anti-SSB (La)
Anti-SSB (La) antibodies are autoantibodies directed against small ribonucleoproteins. The...
pH (Semen)
Semen pH measures the balance between the acidic secretions of the prostate and the alkali...
Synovial Fluid For ADA Levels
Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism. It is primarily foun...
Vaginal Swab For Culture and Sensitivity
The Vaginal Culture and Sensitivity test identifies pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, y...
Anti Mitochondrial Antibody (ELISA)
The Anti-Mitochondrial Antibody (AMA) test is a serological marker primarily used to detec...
HIV RNA PCR
The HIV RNA PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) test, often called a 'Viral Load' test, is a m...
CLL Flow Cytometry
Flow Cytometry is a sophisticated biophysical technology used to analyze the physical and ...
Testosterone
Testosterone is the primary androgenic steroid hormone. In males, it is mainly produced in...
H.I.V. ELISA
The HIV ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) is a screening test designed to detect a...
Total IgE (Immunoglobulin E)
The Total IgE test measures the overall concentration of IgE antibodies in the blood. IgE ...
CSF for Cytology
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Cytology is a specialized laboratory examination used to identif...
Egg White Specific IgE
The Egg White Specific IgE test measures the concentration of IgE antibodies specifically ...
Specific IgE: Fish (Cod)
This test measures the level of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in the...
Urethral Pus for Culture and Sensitivity
The Urethral Pus Culture and Sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify t...
ADA (Adenosine Deaminase) Levels
Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism. Its primary biologic...
MGMT Methylation Test - Glioblastoma
The MGMT (O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) test measures the methylation status of ...
Total Motility
Total Motility represents the percentage of sperm showing any form of movement (both progr...
NIPT (Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing)
Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT), also known as cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening, analy...
Fluid Glucose
In the context of Fluid Biochemical Analysis (e.g., pleural, peritoneal, or pericardial fl...
NRAS Gene Analysis
The NRAS Gene Analysis test identifies mutations in the NRAS gene, which belongs to the RA...
Liver-Kidney Microsome Type 1 (LKM-1) Antibody
The LKM-1 antibody is a hallmark serological marker for Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) Type 2....
Anti Nuclear Antibodies (IFA)
The Anti-Nuclear Antibody (ANA) test using Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (IFA) is the 'gol...
CLL Flow Cytometry
Flow Cytometry is a sophisticated laboratory technique used to identify and characterize c...
A/G Ratio
The A/G ratio is a calculated value representing the relationship between two major types ...
Liver-Kidney Microsome (LKM)-1 Antibody (ELISA)
The Liver-Kidney Microsome Type 1 (LKM-1) antibody test is a specialized immunological ass...
Autoimmune Hepatitis Panel
The Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) Panel is a comprehensive group of tests designed to detect ...
Beta-2 Glycoprotein I Antibody, IgM
This test measures IgM class antibodies against Beta-2 Glycoprotein I (B2GPI), a phospholi...
Absolute Eosinophil Count
The Absolute Eosinophil Count (AEC) calculates the actual number of eosinophils per unit o...
Complement - 3
The Complement C3 test measures the amount of C3 protein in the blood. C3 is a central com...
TB IgG
The TB IgG test detects Immunoglobulin G antibodies produced by the immune system in respo...
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