Sjögren's Syndrome
Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects the glands that produce tears and saliva, leading to dry eyes and dry mouth. It can also affect other parts of the body, including joints, skin, and organs.
Common Symptoms
- Dry eyes
- Dry mouth
- Joint pain
- Fatigue
- Skin rashes
Clinical Sources
- Sjögren’s Syndrome: Symptoms & TreatmentCleveland Clinic
Diagnostic Lab Tests
Tests commonly used to diagnose or monitor Sjögren's Syndrome:
Specific IgE - Lidocaine
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodie...
Specific IgE - Peanut
Measures IgE antibodies specific to peanut allergens (e.g., Ara h 1, 2, 3). Peanut allergy...
Thyroid Function Panel (Free T3, Free T4, TSH)
The Thyroid Function Panel is a comprehensive group of tests used to evaluate the health a...
Urine Sodium
Sodium is the primary extracellular electrolyte responsible for maintaining osmotic pressu...
24-Hour Urine Albumin
Albumin is a major protein found in the blood. In healthy kidneys, the filtering units (gl...
Interleukin 6
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a versatile pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by various cells, i...
Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
The presence of intact Red Blood Cells in a stool sample (microscopic examination) indicat...
Anti-dsDNA
Anti-dsDNA antibodies are a subset of Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) that specifically targe...
Anti Nuclear Antibodies (ELISA)
Anti-Nuclear Antibodies (ANA) are a group of autoantibodies produced by the immune system ...
Blood Grouping and Rh Typing
Blood Grouping and Rh Typing is a foundational test used to identify a person's blood type...
CSF Albumin
Albumin is not produced in the central nervous system; therefore, its presence in the Cere...
Ascitic Fluid LDH Levels
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme found in almost all body tissues. When cells are ...
Fluid For Malignant Cells
Cytological examination of body fluids is a specialized laboratory process where a patholo...
Fluid Cholesterol
Fluid Cholesterol measurement is utilized in Fluid Biochemical Analysis to differentiate b...
Pleural Fluid for Cell Count & Cell Type
The pleural space is a thin, fluid-filled area between the two layers of the pleura (visce...
Postprandial Glucose
Postprandial glucose measures the level of sugar in the blood specifically after a meal (u...
Anti-dsDNA Antibodies
Anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies are a type of antinuclear antibody (ANA) ...
Rheumatoid Factor IgG (ELISA)
Rheumatoid Factor (RF) is an autoantibody—an antibody directed against the body's own tiss...
Other Hemoglobin Variants
This component identifies and quantifies non-standard hemoglobins during High-Performance ...
Urine For VMA
Vanillylmandelic Acid (VMA) is a major metabolic end-product of the catecholamines epineph...
Anti-Sm Antibody (ELISA)
The Anti-Sm (Anti-Smith) antibody test is a highly specific serological marker used primar...
DNA TB PCR
The DNA TB PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) test is a rapid molecular diagnostic tool used ...
Specific IgE - Soy
This component measures IgE antibodies against soy (Glycine max) proteins. Within a compre...
AFB Culture (Conventional)
The Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) Culture is a laboratory test used to grow and identify mycobac...
Discharge From Nipple For Culture And Sensitivity
This test involves collecting fluid discharged from the nipple to identify pathogenic bact...
Allergy Profile (Veg) + Total IgE
This panel combines a Total IgE measurement with specific IgE tests for a variety of plant...
Peanut Specific IgE
This measures the concentration of IgE antibodies directed specifically against peanut pro...
Stool for Fat Globulins
The Stool for Fat Globulins test, often referred to as a qualitative fecal fat microscopic...
Serum Bicarbonate
Serum Bicarbonate (HCO3-) is a vital electrolyte and a critical component of the body's bu...
Specific IgE - Tomato
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific IgE antibodies directed against ...
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
ESR is a non-specific marker of systemic inflammation. It measures the rate at which red b...
Audiometry Test
Audiometry is a non-invasive diagnostic test used to measure a person's ability to hear so...
Procalcitonin
Procalcitonin (PCT) is a peptide precursor of the hormone calcitonin. In healthy individua...
Total Leucocyte Count (TC)
The Total Leucocyte Count (TLC) measures the total number of white blood cells (WBCs) in a...
VLDL Cholesterol
Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) is a type of lipoprotein produced by the liver to tran...
Fluid for Amylase
Amylase is an enzyme primarily produced by the pancreas and salivary glands to break down ...
Cervical Biopsy
A cervical biopsy is a diagnostic procedure in which a small sample of tissue is removed f...
Fluid Glucose
Fluid Glucose testing measures the level of sugar in body fluids other than blood, most co...
CMV DNA Quantitative
The Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA Quantitative test, often performed via Polymerase Chain Reac...
Cow's Milk Specific IgE
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodie...
1-Hour Post-Load Glucose
Part of the Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT), this measures the blood sugar level exactly 60 m...
Triple Screen Marker Test
The Triple Screen, also known as the Kettering test or Bart's test, is a prenatal blood te...
Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (pCO2)
pCO2 is a measurement of the pressure of carbon dioxide dissolved in arterial blood. It se...
Urine For Albumin
Albumin is a protein typically found in high concentrations in the blood. In healthy kidne...
CSF Glucose
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Glucose is analyzed to diagnose central nervous system (CNS) pat...
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
CRP is an acute-phase reactant protein synthesized by the liver in response to interleukin...
VDRL Test
The Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test is a screening tool used to detect an...
Specific IgE - Cefaclor (Cephalosporin)
This test measures the concentration of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies directed specifi...
Adenoid Tissue For Culture And Sensitivity
The adenoids are a patch of lymphoid tissue located high in the throat, just behind the no...
Pleural Fluid For Culture And Sensitivity
The pleural space is the thin gap between the lungs and the chest wall, containing a small...
Serum Uric Acid
Uric acid is a waste product created when the body breaks down purines—natural substances ...
Anti-Centromere B
Anti-Centromere B antibodies target proteins associated with the centromere of chromosomes...
Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
Rheumatoid Factor (RF) is an autoantibody—an antibody directed against the body's own tiss...
Ear Pus for Culture and Sensitivity
The Ear Pus Culture and Sensitivity test is a critical diagnostic tool used to identify th...
ANA Profile (ENA Panel - Qualitative)
The ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) Profile, specifically the ENA (Extractable Nuclear Antigen)...
L.E. Cells (Lupus Erythematosus Cells)
The L.E. Cell test is a historical laboratory procedure used to detect Systemic Lupus Eryt...
Platelet Count
Platelets (thrombocytes) are small cell fragments essential for primary hemostasis. When b...
Anti-Scl-70
Anti-Scl-70 (anti-topoisomerase I) is an autoantibody found in the serum of patients with ...
Triglycerides
Measuring triglycerides in ascitic fluid is the definitive method for identifying 'chylous...
CSF Lactate
CSF Lactate is a biomarker used to differentiate between bacterial and viral meningitis. L...
Specific IgE - Egg White
This test measures the concentration of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies directed specifi...
Urine For Pregnancy
The Urine Pregnancy Test is a qualitative or semi-quantitative assay designed to detect th...
Dual Marker
The Dual Marker test (also known as the First Trimester Screening) is a predictive blood t...
CD3+ Absolute Count
CD3 is a protein complex and T-cell co-receptor that is present on all mature T-lymphocyte...
Complete Stool Examination
A Complete Stool Examination is a series of tests performed on a stool sample to help diag...
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) is a common hematology test that measures how qui...
BRAF V600 Mutation Analysis
The BRAF gene provides instructions for making a protein that helps transmit chemical sign...
Peanut (Specific IgE)
This test measures the concentration of Specific Immunoglobulin E (sIgE) antibodies to pea...
Rheumatoid Factor (RA Factor)
Rheumatoid Factor (RF) is an autoantibody, specifically an immunoglobulin (usually IgM) th...
Allergy Profile Without Drugs
The Allergy Profile Without Drugs is a panel of blood tests that measures the concentratio...
Anti Cardiolipin AB-Profile
Anti-cardiolipin antibodies are autoantibodies directed against cardiolipin, a phospholipi...
HLA B27
The HLA-B27 (Human Leukocyte Antigen B27) is a specific protein, known as a class I surfac...
Specific IgE - Codfish
This test measures the level of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in the...
Fibrinogen
Fibrinogen, also known as Factor I, is a soluble plasma glycoprotein synthesized in the li...
Hb, Tc, Dc & Esr
This profile is a baseline hematological screen consisting of Hemoglobin (Hb), Total Count...
Sperm Morphology (Normal Forms)
Sperm morphology is an evaluation of the size and shape of sperm cells as part of a semen ...
Skin Scraping For Fungal Culture
The Skin Scraping for Fungal Culture is a diagnostic laboratory procedure used to identify...
HBeAg
HBeAg (Hepatitis B e-Antigen) is a soluble protein that is a byproduct of Hepatitis B Viru...
Skin Clipping (3 Sites)
A skin clipping test involves taking small pieces of the stratum corneum (the outermost la...
Semen Volume
Semen volume measures the total amount of ejaculate produced. It is a critical component o...
Ascitic Fluid Total Protein
This test measures the concentration of protein in fluid accumulated in the abdominal cavi...
Smear for Gram Stain
The Gram Stain is one of the most critical and rapid tests in microbiology. It uses a seri...
Pleural Fluid for Rheumatoid Factor
This test measures the concentration of Rheumatoid Factor (RF)—an autoantibody—within the ...
Urine For Urea
Urea is the primary nitrogenous waste product of protein catabolism in humans. Produced in...
CSF Biochemical Analysis
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless liquid that bathes the brain and spinal co...
LE Cell
The Lupus Erythematosus (LE) cell is a neutrophil or macrophage that has ingested the dena...
2-Hour Post-Prandial Blood Sugar (PPBS)
The 2-Hour Post-Prandial Blood Sugar (PPBS) test measures the body's ability to metabolize...
Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A (PAPP-A)
PAPP-A is a zinc-binding enzyme produced by the trophoblast (placenta) during pregnancy. I...
HBsAg (Australia Antigen)
The Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg), historically known as the Australia Antigen, is t...
Urine Protein / Creatinine Ratio
The Urine Protein/Creatinine Ratio (UPCR) is a diagnostic tool used to estimate the amount...
Anti-Jo-1 Antibody
The Anti-Jo-1 antibody targets histidyl-tRNA synthetase and is a hallmark marker within th...
Sputum for Gram Stain
A Sputum Gram Stain is a laboratory test used to detect the presence of bacteria in a samp...
Stool for Reducing Substance
This test detects the presence of reducing sugars in the stool. Most carbohydrates are abs...
HBsAg (ELISA)
The Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) test is the primary diagnostic tool used to identi...
Serum CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen)
Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) is a glycoprotein involved in cell adhesion. It is normally...
Fluid For Hydatid Scolices
This laboratory examination involves the microscopic analysis of cystic fluid—typically ob...
Phospholipid Screen IgG, IgM
The Phospholipid Screen (specifically Cardiolipin antibodies) detects autoantibodies produ...
Wheat Specific IgE
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodie...
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol
LDL Cholesterol, often termed 'bad' cholesterol, is a primary component of the lipid profi...
Anti Tissue Transglutaminase IgA (Anti-TTG IgA)
The Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase (tTG) IgA test is the primary screening blood test for Ce...
Clinical Exome Panel
The Clinical Exome Panel uses Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) to examine the 'exome'—the ...
HER2/Neu by FISH
HER2 (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2) is a protein that promotes the growth of c...
Audiometric Test
An Audiometric Test is a non-invasive diagnostic procedure used to evaluate an individual'...
Post Dinner Blood Sugar
The Post Dinner (Postprandial) Blood Sugar test measures the level of glucose in the blood...
Anti-CCP Antibody
The Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide (Anti-CCP) antibody test detects autoantibodies prod...
ROS 1 IHC Marker
The ROS1 Immunohistochemistry (IHC) marker is a specialized laboratory test performed on t...
Specific IgE - Milk
This test measures the concentration of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies specific to cow'...
ALCD Flowcytometry
ALCD (Acute Leukemia Characterization and Diagnosis) Flow Cytometry is a highly specialize...
Specific IgE - Penicillin V
Penicillin V specific IgE testing is a diagnostic tool for identifying drug-induced Type I...
White Blood Cells (Microscopic)
The presence of White Blood Cells (WBCs) in urine, known as pyuria, is a primary indicator...
GIST Mutation Analysis Exon 9 & Exon 11
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the dige...
Skin Scraping for Culture & Sensitivity
Skin scraping for culture and sensitivity is a laboratory procedure used to identify the s...
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin (Hb) is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells responsible for transpor...
AFB Culture & Sensitivity (Conventional)
The AFB Culture and Sensitivity test is the 'gold standard' for diagnosing tuberculosis (T...
Thyroid Function Test
The Thyroid Function Test (TFT) is a panel of blood tests used to evaluate how well the th...
Eye Swab for C/S
The Eye Swab for Culture and Sensitivity (C/S) is a diagnostic procedure performed to iden...
Arthritis Basic Screen
The Arthritis Basic Screen is a multi-parameter diagnostic tool designed to detect systemi...
Wound Pus for Culture and Sensitivity
A Wound Culture and Sensitivity test is a laboratory procedure used to identify the specif...
Ascitic Fluid Bilirubin
Measuring bilirubin in ascitic fluid is a specialized test used to diagnose biliary perfor...
Shrimp Specific IgE
This test measures the concentration of IgE antibodies specifically directed against shrim...
pH (Ascitic Fluid)
The pH of ascitic fluid is a critical marker in Ascitic Fluid Biochemical Analysis, primar...
Allergy Profile (Veg, Non-Veg, Inhalants) + Total IgE
This comprehensive allergy profile measures the level of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies...
CD4 Count
The CD4 count is a test that measures the number of CD4 T-lymphocytes (helper T cells) in ...
Anti Thyroglobulin Antibodies
Anti-Thyroglobulin (Anti-Tg) antibodies are autoantibodies produced by the immune system t...
Aspergillus IgE
The Aspergillus IgE test measures the level of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in the bl...
Karyotyping Analysis
Karyotyping Analysis is a cytogenetic test used to examine the full complement of chromoso...
Serum Electrolytes
Electrolytes are electrically charged minerals found in your blood and other body fluids. ...
Pus Culture & Sensitivity
A Pus Culture and Sensitivity test is used to identify the specific aerobic and facultativ...
Anaerobic Culture
Anaerobic cultures are designed to detect bacteria that can only survive in environments w...
LAP Score
The Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP) score is a cytochemical test performed on a perip...
Pre-Dinner Blood Sugar
Pre-dinner blood sugar (or pre-prandial glucose) measures the amount of glucose circulatin...
Complete Urine Examination
The Complete Urine Examination (CUE), also known as Urinalysis, is a fundamental diagnosti...
Red Blood Cells (Microscopic)
The presence of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) in the urine, known as hematuria, is a critical fin...
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is an acute-phase reactant synthesized by the liver in response t...
CSF Total Protein
The CSF Total Protein measurement is a cornerstone of CSF Biochemical Analysis. Normally, ...
Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Bicarbonate is a vital byproduct of the body's metabolism and acts as a buffer to maintain...
Serum Iron
Serum iron measures the amount of circulating iron that is bound to transferrin in the blo...
Serum Prolactin
Prolactin is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland in the brain. Its primary ...
Quad Marker Screen
The Quad Marker Screen is a prenatal blood test performed during the second trimester (usu...
Creatinine
Creatinine measurement in Ascitic Fluid is a specialized diagnostic tool used primarily to...
Acetylcholine Receptor (AChR) Antibody
The Acetylcholine Receptor (AChR) antibody test is a blood assay used to identify autoanti...
Antral Wash for Culture & Sensitivity
Antral Wash for Culture and Sensitivity is a diagnostic procedure where the maxillary sinu...
Lactate
Lactate (lactic acid) is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism, produced when cells do not r...
Hemoglobin Electrophoresis by HPLC
Hemoglobin Electrophoresis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a sophistic...
Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) Screen
The ANA Screen is a fundamental test for detecting autoantibodies that target the nucleus ...
Urine for Culture & Sensitivity
The Urine Culture and Sensitivity (C&S) test is the gold standard for diagnosing Urinary T...
Ascitic Fluid For Culture And Sensitivity
This test involves the culturing of peritoneal fluid (ascites) accumulated in the abdomina...
Anti-Thrombin III
Antithrombin III (ATIII) is a non-vitamin K-dependent glycoprotein that functions as a nat...
Operating Theatre Swabs (Anaerobic Culture)
This test involves culturing swabs taken from surgical environments (Operating Theatre) sp...
Plasma Renin Activity
Plasma Renin Activity (PRA) measures the capacity of the enzyme renin to generate angioten...
Hemoglobin E
Hemoglobin E (HbE) is an abnormal hemoglobin variant caused by a point mutation in the bet...
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Antigen Detection
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a unique bacterium that lacks a cell wall, making it naturally re...
Pulmonary Function Test
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) are a non-invasive group of tests that measure how well th...
Platelet Count
Platelets, or thrombocytes, are small cell fragments in the blood that are essential for n...
Anti-Cardiolipin Antibody, IgG
Anti-Cardiolipin (aCL) IgG is an autoantibody directed against phospholipids. It is a core...
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
ESR measures the distance red blood cells fall in a tube over one hour. In an Arthritis Ba...
Pleural Fluid Proteins
Pleural fluid protein measurement is used to evaluate the composition of fluid accumulated...
Sperm Concentration
Sperm Concentration is the number of spermatozoa per unit volume of semen. As a part of th...
Fluid Chlorides
Chloride is a major extracellular anion that helps maintain osmotic pressure, acid-base ba...
Allergy Profile With Drugs
The Allergy Profile for Drugs measures the levels of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (I...
Skin Scraping For Fungal Elements
Skin Scraping for Fungal Elements, often involving a KOH (Potassium Hydroxide) preparation...
Glucose (Ascitic Fluid)
In Ascitic Fluid analysis, glucose levels are compared to serum levels to help identify th...
Specific IgE - Wheat
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodie...
Anti-Cardiolipin Antibody, IgA
Anti-Cardiolipin (aCL) IgA is an autoantibody associated with Antiphospholipid Syndrome (A...
Anti Phospholipid Antibody
Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies (APA) are autoantibodies that mistakenly target the body's ow...
Tacrolimus Levels
Tacrolimus (Prograf) is a potent calcineurin inhibitor used as an immunosuppressant. It pr...
Beta 2 Microglobulin
Beta-2 Microglobulin (B2M) is a protein found on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells...
Tomato Specific IgE
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodie...
PDL1 IHC Marker
Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a protein that acts as a 'brake' to keep the body’s i...
CSF ADA Levels
Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism. It is primarily foun...
Specific IgE - Penicillin G
This test detects IgE antibodies against the major/minor determinants of Penicillin G. It ...
Serum Ferritin
Ferritin is a blood protein that contains iron. It is the primary way your body stores iro...
Marijuana Metabolite (THC)
This test measures the primary inactive metabolite of Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), specific...
Synovial Fluid for Gram Stain
The Synovial Fluid Gram Stain is a rapid diagnostic test used to identify the presence of ...
Anti-HBc IgM
Anti-HBc IgM is the IgM antibody to the Hepatitis B core antigen. Unlike the IgG antibody,...
Crenated RBC's
Crenated Red Blood Cells (RBCs), also known as echinocytes or burr cells, are erythrocytes...
Drugs of Abuse 5-Panel (DOA 5)
The Drugs of Abuse 5-Panel (DOA 5) is a rapid screening test used to detect the presence o...
AML Characterization Panel
The Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Characterization Panel is a comprehensive set of diagnost...
Erythrocytes
Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) in the Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) are not normally present. ...
HSV 2 IgG
The HSV 2 IgG test is a blood test used to detect type-specific antibodies against the Her...
Her2/neu By FISH
HER2 (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2) by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FIS...
Liquid Biopsy EGFR
Liquid Biopsy for EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) is a non-invasive test that anal...
Random Blood Sugar
Random Blood Sugar (RBS) measures the amount of glucose circulating in the blood at any gi...
Sputum For Culture and Sensitivity
Sputum Culture and Sensitivity is a laboratory test used to detect and identify bacteria o...
Anti HBs Titres
The Anti-HBs (Hepatitis B Surface Antibody) test detects the presence and concentration of...
COVID Panel Bio Chemistry
The COVID Biochemistry Panel is a cluster of laboratory tests used to monitor the physiolo...
TB Gold QuantiFERON
The QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) is an Interferon-Gamma Release Assay (IGRA). It measures the...
Pdgfra Mutation Analysis - Gist (Qualitative)
This molecular test analyzes the PDGFRA (Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha) ge...
Specific IgE - Sulfamethoxazole
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific IgE antibodies to Sulfamethoxazo...
Fluid Proteins
Fluid protein analysis is a diagnostic procedure used to determine the concentration of to...
Protein C Assay
Protein C is a vitamin K-dependent protein produced in the liver that serves as a natural ...
Semen for Culture and Sensitivity
The Semen Culture and Sensitivity test is a microbiological procedure used to detect and i...
HLA B 27 Disease Association PCR
HLA-B27 (Human Leukocyte Antigen B27) is a specific surface antigen found on white blood c...
Tb Platinum Igra, Blood
The Interferon-Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) is a modern blood test used to detect infection ...
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)
The Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) test is the earliest immunological marker of an ac...
Total Sperm Number
Total Sperm Number represents the total count of spermatozoa in the entire volume of the e...
Specific IgE - Potato
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodie...
Fluid Total Protein
Fluid Total Protein is a critical parameter in the biochemical analysis of effusions (pleu...
Mutton (Lamb) Specific IgE
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific IgE antibodies in the serum dire...
Urine For Spot Protein
The Urine Spot Protein test measures the concentration of proteins, primarily albumin, in ...
RBC Folate Level
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Folate measures the amount of folate (Vitamin B9) stored inside red b...
CD4+ Percentage
The CD4+ percentage represents the proportion of total lymphocytes that are T-helper cells...
Anti-SSA (Ro) Antibody
Anti-SSA (Ro) is an Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA) antibody commonly associated with Sj...
EGFR Gene Mutation Analysis
The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a protein on the surface of cells that help...
Specific IgE - Amoxicillin
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodie...
HBV DNA PCR Viral Load
The HBV DNA PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) test is a highly sensitive molecular assay tha...
Hemoglobin C
Hemoglobin C is an abnormal variant of hemoglobin caused by a substitution in the beta-glo...
Hiv 1&2 (Tri-Dot)
The HIV 1&2 Tri-Dot is a rapid visual test for the qualitative detection of antibodies to ...
Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO)
The DLCO test measures the ability of the lungs to transfer gas from inhaled air to the re...
Rheumatoid Factor (IgG and IgM)
Rheumatoid Factor (RF) is an autoantibody, an immune system protein that mistakenly attack...
Direct Coombs Test
The Direct Coombs Test, also known as the Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT), is used to deter...
Bermuda Grass Specific IgE
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodie...
Synovial Fluid For Culture And Sensitivity
The Synovial Fluid Culture and Sensitivity (C/S) test is a critical diagnostic procedure u...
Liquefaction Time
During a Semen Analysis, the liquefaction time evaluates the enzymatic process required fo...
KRAS Gene Analysis
The KRAS gene analysis looks for mutations in the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homol...
Soybean Specific IgE
This test measures the concentration of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies directed specifi...
ER/PR IHC Markers
The Estrogen Receptor (ER) and Progesterone Receptor (PR) Immunohistochemistry (IHC) marke...
Serum Insulin
Insulin is a vital hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas. Its primary role is...
Base Excess (BE)
Base Excess (BE) measures the deviation of the actual bicarbonate concentration from the n...
Basophils
Basophils are a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) that plays a critical role in the imm...
Egg White (Specific IgE)
Egg white is one of the most common food allergens, especially in children. This test meas...
Rh Antibody Titre
The Rh Antibody Titre test measures the concentration of antibodies against the Rh factor ...
Free Beta-human Chorionic Gonadotropin (Free Beta-hCG)
Free Beta-hCG is the unbound subunit of the hCG hormone. In the context of a Dual Marker s...
Occult Blood (FOBT)
The Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) is a biochemical analysis used to detect the presence o...
Ascitic Fluid For Proteins
Measuring protein levels in ascitic fluid (fluid buildup in the abdomen) is a critical ste...
Prothrombin Time
Prothrombin Time (PT) measures how long it takes for the liquid portion (plasma) of your b...
CD4 & CD8 Count
This test measures the number of CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocytes in the blood. CD4 cells, often ...
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a surrogate marker for body fatness based on an individual's mass...
Ascitic Fluid Biochemical Analysis
Ascitic fluid biochemical analysis involves the laboratory evaluation of fluid accumulated...
Cyst Culture and Sensitivity
A Cyst Culture and Sensitivity test is performed to identify the presence of pathogenic mi...
CSF Chloride
Chloride levels in the Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) generally mirror those in the blood plasm...
Blood Urea
Blood Urea is a waste product formed in the liver when protein is broken down into amino a...
BCR/ABL FISH
The BCR/ABL FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) test is a cytogenetic analysis used ...
Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)
PEF measures the maximum speed of expiration. It is a vital component of a Pulmonary Funct...
Eye Swab For C/S (Left)
The Eye Swab for Culture and Sensitivity (C/S) is a microbiological procedure used to iden...
Bleeding Time and Clotting Time
The Bleeding Time (BT) and Clotting Time (CT) tests are fundamental screening tools used t...
Semen Analysis
Semen analysis is the cornerstone of male fertility evaluation. It provides a comprehensiv...
CA 125 (Cancer Antigen 125)
CA 125 is a protein that is a so-called tumor marker. It is found in greater concentration...
Anti-Sm (Smith) Antibody
Anti-Sm is an autoantibody directed against core proteins of small nuclear ribonucleoprote...
Chromogranin A
Chromogranin A (CgA) is a protein found inside neuroendocrine cells. These specialized cel...
Specific IgE - Chickpea
This test measures the concentration of IgE antibodies specific to chickpea (Cicer arietin...
Urine Microalbumin
The Urine Microalbumin test measures very small amounts of albumin, a protein typically fo...
Serum Folic Acid
Serum Folic Acid (Vitamin B9) is essential for the synthesis of DNA and RNA, the productio...
Specific IgE - Soybean
This test measures the concentration of IgE antibodies in the blood specifically directed ...
Opiates
This assay screens for the presence of natural opiates, primarily morphine and codeine, in...
CD8+ Percentage
The CD8+ percentage measures the proportion of T-lymphocytes that are cytotoxic T cells. T...
Lithium
Lithium is a mood stabilizer primarily used for the long-term treatment of bipolar disorde...
Anti HBe Antibodies
The Anti-HBe (Hepatitis B e-antibody) test detects antibodies produced by the body against...
Western Blot
The Western Blot is a highly specific confirmatory test used to detect specific proteins (...
Specific IgE - Cow's Milk
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodie...
Fluid pH
Measurement of pH in body fluids (most commonly pleural fluid) is a critical diagnostic to...
Specific IgE - Insulin (Human)
This test detects IgE antibodies specifically reactive to human insulin. While modern reco...
Radical Specimen
A 'Radical Specimen' refers to a large tissue sample obtained through radical surgery (e.g...
BRCA 1 & 2 Gene Analysis
The BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BReast CAncer genes 1 and 2) are tumor suppressor genes. Their primar...
Hemoglobin, TC, DC, ESR & Platelet Count
This panel is a comprehensive hematological assessment. It includes Hemoglobin (Hb) for ox...
Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
Rheumatoid Factor (RF) is an autoantibody (most commonly IgM) directed against the Fc port...
EGFR Mutation Analysis
The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a protein on the surface of cells that help...
Allergy Profile (Veg+Non-Veg) + Total IgE
This comprehensive panel measures specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies against a var...
Corneal Scraping For C/S
Corneal Scraping for Culture and Sensitivity (C/S) is a critical diagnostic procedure used...
Eye Swab For C/S (Right)
An eye swab for Culture and Sensitivity (C/S) involves collecting discharge or secretions ...
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
Lactate Dehydrogenase is an intracellular enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of lactate ...
CK-MB (Creatine Kinase-MB)
Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB) is a specific isoenzyme found primarily in the heart muscle (my...
Adenosine Deaminase (ADA), Ascitic Fluid
Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism, primarily produced b...
HIV Viral Load
The HIV Viral Load test measures the amount of HIV-1 RNA (genetic material) in the blood. ...
Pre-Lunch Blood Sugar
Pre-Lunch Blood Sugar, also known as a pre-prandial glucose check, measures the concentrat...
Pleural Fluid for Amylase
The Pleural Fluid Amylase test measures the concentration of the enzyme amylase within the...
Pleural Fluid - Biochemical Analysis
Biochemical analysis of pleural fluid is a comprehensive battery of tests performed on flu...
Haemoglobin
Haemoglobin (Hb) is the iron-containing protein found within red blood cells (RBCs). Its p...
Specific IgE - Ampicillin
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific IgE antibodies to Ampicillin in ...
Urine For Culture And Sensitivity
The Urine Culture and Sensitivity test is designed to identify specific bacteria or yeast ...
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) is a non-specific marker of systemic inflammation...
Fluid For Cell Count / Celltype
Fluid analysis for cell count and differential (cell type) involves the microscopic examin...
Chicken Meat (Specific IgE)
This test measures specific IgE antibodies against proteins found in chicken meat. Within ...
Ki-67 IHC Marker
The Ki-67 protein is a cellular marker strictly associated with cell proliferation. It is ...
Urine For GTT
The Urine Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) is performed in conjunction with the oral blood glu...
Fluid Triglycerides
This test measures triglyceride concentration in aspirated body fluids (pleural, ascitic, ...
Orange
This test measures the concentration of allergen-specific IgE antibodies against Orange (C...
Growth Hormone (HGH)
Human Growth Hormone (HGH), secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, is essential for gro...
Nail Scraping for C/S
Nail Scraping for Culture and Sensitivity (C/S) is the definitive method for identifying t...
Indirect Coombs Test (Antibody Screen)
The Indirect Coombs Test, also known as the Indirect Antiglobulin Test (IAT), is primarily...
Paraffin Blocks (Histopathology Processing)
Paraffin blocks are a critical step in the histopathological examination of tissue samples...
Oxygen Saturation (SaO2)
SaO2, measured via Arterial Blood Gas (ABG), represents the percentage of hemoglobin bindi...
Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) Screen
The ANA Screen is a fundamental screening test for Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases ...
CSF Culture and Sensitivity
The Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Culture and Sensitivity (C/S) test is a critical diagnostic ...
MRD Flow Cytometry (Minimal Residual Disease)
Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) testing via flow cytometry is a highly sensitive method use...
Fluid Biochemical Analysis
Fluid Biochemical Analysis involves the chemical examination of fluids accumulated in body...
Serum Magnesium
Magnesium is a vital intracellular cation involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions in the ...
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is an acute-phase reactant protein produced by the liver. Its lev...
Hemoglobin (Hb)
Hemoglobin is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells (RBCs) responsible for transp...
Lupus Anticoagulant
The Lupus Anticoagulant (LA) test is a functional assay used to detect specific autoantibo...
White Blood Cells (Semen)
In the context of a Semen Analysis, the presence of White Blood Cells (WBCs), specifically...
Blood Pressure
Blood pressure (BP) measures the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries....
pH (Semen)
Semen pH measures the balance between the acidic secretions of the prostate and the alkali...
Vaginal Swab For Culture and Sensitivity
The Vaginal Culture and Sensitivity test identifies pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, y...
HIV RNA PCR
The HIV RNA PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) test, often called a 'Viral Load' test, is a m...
CLL Flow Cytometry
Flow Cytometry is a sophisticated biophysical technology used to analyze the physical and ...
Testosterone
Testosterone is the primary androgenic steroid hormone. In males, it is mainly produced in...
Egg White Specific IgE
The Egg White Specific IgE test measures the concentration of IgE antibodies specifically ...
G6PD Estimation
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an essential enzyme found in red blood cells (...
Specific IgE: Fish (Cod)
This test measures the level of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in the...
Urethral Pus for Culture and Sensitivity
The Urethral Pus Culture and Sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify t...
ADA (Adenosine Deaminase) Levels
Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism. Its primary biologic...
MGMT Methylation Test - Glioblastoma
The MGMT (O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) test measures the methylation status of ...
Total Motility
Total Motility represents the percentage of sperm showing any form of movement (both progr...
NIPT (Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing)
Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT), also known as cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening, analy...
Fluid Glucose
In the context of Fluid Biochemical Analysis (e.g., pleural, peritoneal, or pericardial fl...
NRAS Gene Analysis
The NRAS Gene Analysis test identifies mutations in the NRAS gene, which belongs to the RA...
Anti Nuclear Antibodies (IFA)
The Anti-Nuclear Antibody (ANA) test using Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (IFA) is the 'gol...
CLL Flow Cytometry
Flow Cytometry is a sophisticated laboratory technique used to identify and characterize c...
Vaginal Smear for Hormonal Assessment
The Vaginal Smear for Hormonal Assessment, often referred to as the Maturation Index (MI),...
India Ink Preparation
India Ink Preparation is a rapid microscopic diagnostic test used primarily to identify th...
Cell Block Preparation
Cell Block Preparation is a technique used in cytopathology to process fluid specimens int...
Liver-Kidney Microsome (LKM)-1 Antibody (ELISA)
The Liver-Kidney Microsome Type 1 (LKM-1) antibody test is a specialized immunological ass...
Autoimmune Hepatitis Panel
The Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) Panel is a comprehensive group of tests designed to detect ...
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Board Certified Doctor • 10+ Years Clinical Experience
Dr. Babu is a practicing physician dedicated to empowering patients with clear, actionable medical information. He founded 2opi to bridge the gap between complex lab reports and patient understanding, ensuring everyone has access to a reliable second opinion.
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